Science & Technology

The natural and physical sciences and their practical applications.

Sub-headings:

Agriculture & Aquaculture

The science and art of farming, including the work of cultivating the soil, producing crops, and raising livestock and aquatic animals.

Astronomy

The study of matter outside the earth's atmosphere, especially the positions, dimensions, distribution, motion, and composition of celestial bodies and phenomena.

Chemical Sciences (Chemistry)

Study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter and its combinations, especially at the atomic and molecular levels.

Communications

The methods and technologies used by humans to communicate and share information over long distances.

Controversial

Scientific approaches to knowledge that is controversial, not widely accepted, or historically accepted but now dismissed.

Earth Sciences

Branches of science related the Earth, its surface, and its atmosphere.

Electronics

Electronic materials and information technologies, and the scientific mechanisms behind their functioning.

Energy

Theories and practicalities of finding, creating, storing, conserving, and using energy.

Engineering

The application of scientific and mathematical principles to such ends as the design, manufacture, and operation of efficient and economical structures, machines, processes, and systems.

Environmental Sciences & Ecology

A branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of humans and their environment.

History of Science & Technology

A look at historical science with subjects as diverse as the history of plumbing, Roman engineering, women in science, the invention of printing and the innovation of flight.

Horology (Time Measurement, Clocks, Calendars)

The science and history of measuring time.

Life Sciences

The sciences of life and of living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution. Biology and its related sciences.

Mathematics

The study of the measurement, properties, and relationships of quantities, using numbers and symbols.

Museums

Paleontology

A science dealing with the life of past geological periods as known from fossil remains.

Physics

The science of matter and energy and their interactions.

Science & Technology Blogs

Interactive weblogs that allow vistors to participate in discourse about issues in science & technology, including electronic gadgetry.

Science & Technology Libraries

Science & Technology News

Recent happenings in areas related to science and technology.

Transportation

Having to do with conveying passengers or goods from one place to another.

Resources in this category:

Ancient Technologies and Archaeological Materials
http://www2.uiuc.edu/unit/ATAM/index.html

"Although its title - The Program on Ancient Technologies and Archaeological Materials (ATAM) at the University of Illinois - may dredge up images of ballistas, questions of how did they build the pyramids anyway, and such, this place is really about more prosaic but nonetheless fascinating studies involving archeometry, a fusion of archeology, art history, museology, and the natural and physical sciences. This is an informative, professional resource that provides a fascinating and realistic glimpse into the real-world work of those involved in deciphering the past using modern scientific methods. The site proffers pottery provenance, unwraps details about the World Heritage Museum's very own mummy project, gazes into a Chinese bronze mirror, examines a Chinese Kuel bowl and Etruscan slags, and forges into archeometallurgy, the study of ancient metallurgical processes. All in all, there is lots to unearth here. "

The Art of Renaissance Science: Galileo and Perspective
http://www.mcm.edu/academic/galileo/ars/arshtml/arstoc.html

"Joseph W. Dauben of the City University of New York reveals that the interplay of science and art has a history stretching back centuries. [This work] presents a detailed look at the influence Italian renaissance artists had on Galileo, his view of nature, and the observations and mathematical principles he elucidated."

Australian Science and Technology on the Internet
http://www.nla.gov.au/oz/sciencew.html

Extensive list of links to Australian science organizations, conference, journals, and libraries; divided into subject disciplines. Part of the National Library of Australia Internet Subject Lists project.

Bio Tech's Life Science Dictionary
http://biotech.icmb.utexas.edu/pages/dictionary.html

Dictionary includes terms related to biochemistry, biotechnology, botany, cell biology and genetics, ecology, limnology, pharmacology, toxicology and medicine. Includes "medically- and biotechnologically-relevant organisms such as bacteria, worms, fungi, and some plants." Search terms or definitions by words or word fragments.

Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information
http://cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/cisti_e.html

"CISTI is one of the world's major sources for information in all areas of science, technology, engineering and medicine." Their site gives information abou the CISTI library and the NRC Archives, and allows access to their catalogue of serials, books, reports and conference proceedings. Citations to resources are free. Publications, reference assistance and document delivery are also available, but require payment.

Chemical Patents Plus
http://casweb.cas.org/

WWW access to all United States patents from 1971 to present (not just chemical patents). Searching and display of titles and abstracts is free; full text and images are available for a small fee. Updated every Thursday. Registration and account set-up is required.

CiteSeer.IST: Computer and Information Science Papers
http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/cs

"CiteSeer is a scientific literature digital library and search engine that focuses primarily on the literature in computer and information science (that) aims to improve the dissemination and feedback of the scientific literature and to provide improvements in functionality, usability, availability, cost, comprehensiveness, efficiency, and timeliness in the access of scientific and scholarly knowledge."

Common Weights And Measures
http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/ChemResources/Weights-n-Measur...

Includes Mathematical Notation for Orders of Magnitude, Metric prefixes, and Common U.S. and Metric equivalents

Conversion Factors
http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Metrics/factors.htm

This site lists conversion relationship between U.S. customary units and SI (International System) units. It gives conversion factors for commonly needed values -- area, length, pressure, force, and volume -- as well as gage standards for things such as sheet metal, wire, and pipes and measures of hardness, stress, and temperature.

Conversion of Units
http://www.chemie.fu-berlin.de/chemistry/general/units.html

A forms based utility that converts values in one unit to any other.

DAREnet
http://www.darenet.nl/en/

Provides free and open access to academic research output in the Netherlands. Project collects materials in digital form and standardizes them so that they can be easily searched via the Web interface.

A Dictionary of Measures, Units and Conversions
http://www.cimt.plymouth.ac.uk/siteinfo/exeter404.htm

"This provides a summary of most of the units of measurement to be found in use around the world today (and a few of historical interest), together with the appropriate conversion factors needed to change them into a 'standard' unit of the S.I. ('Systeme International'). The units may be found either by looking under the category in which they are used [such as length, mass, density, energy etc.], or else by picking one unit from an alpabetically ordered list of units. There is an outline of the S.I.; a list of its basic defining standards and also some of its derived units; then another list of all the S.I. prefixes and some notes on conventions of usage. There is a short historical note on measures generally; descriptions of the metric system, the UK (Imperial) system with a statement on the implementation of 'metrication' in the UK, and the U.S. system. Finally there is a list of other sources concerned with the topic of measures and units."

A Dictionary of Scientific Quotations
http://naturalscience.com/dsqhome.html

Published by naturalSCIENCE, an independent online journal, this is a list of famous science-related quotations, in order by the name of the person to whom the quote is attributed.

A Dictionary of Units of Measurement
http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/

This dictionary includes all units of the International System (SIPM), many other units of the metric system, and those English Customary Weights and Measures (British and American) that are accurately defined. It does not include obsolete units. It provides symbols and abbreviations. A brief overview and history for each measurement system explains the standard for the units of measurement.

Eric's Treasure Troves of Science
http://www.treasure-troves.com/

Contains detailed articles about various topics within the fields of astronomy, chemistry, math, music, physics, and more.

The Exploratorium's Ten Cool Sites!
http://www.exploratorium.edu/learning_studio/sciencesites.ht...

Every month this site puts up listings of ten new science sites that they have reviewed and thought worthy of investigation. Previous choices are available in a subject-organized archive.

Fairleigh Dickinson University's Global Issues Gateway: issues without borders
http://www.gig.org/

An educational site dedicated to illuminating "the impact of globalization on societies, on institutions, and on the daily lives of people throughout the world," and to providing teachers and students "global learning resources." Provides information about economics, ethics, culture, politics, science, education, and much more, as well as electronic forums and video lectures on these issues.

Glossary of Microscopes and Microscopy
http://www.microscopy.info/microscopy/educational/glossary.a...

A basic glossary of techniques and equipment. This glossary has a hierarchical structure, based on specific areas of microscopy; within each of these areas, a list of terms and definitions is included.

Greatest Engineering Achievements of the Twentieth Century
http://www.greatachievements.org/

"The goal of the Greatest Achievements project is to celebrate a remarkable century of technological achievement...Explore our list of the top 20 achievements, and learn how engineering shaped a century and changed the world." Some of the achievements listed here include electrification, highways, the automobile, computers, the Internet, health technology, and lasers. Each of the 20 entries includes a detailed history and a timeline.

HighWire Press
http://highwire.stanford.edu/

"One of the 2 largest free full-text science archives on Earth." Scientific journals are made available online, some free, some by subscription, many searchable with abstracts available. Provides a good start for Web users when seeking past scientific articles and citations of articles. A list of journals with free full-text articles online is available.

How Products Are Made
http://www.madehow.com/

Ever wonder how products are made? Come to this site and learn about the manufacture of things as diverse as chewing gum, blue jeans, vacuum cleaners, paint, fireworks, refrigerators, and artificial snow. This online encyclopedia contains 7 volumes of different items.

How Stuff Works
http://www.howstuffworks.com/

"How Stuff Works is a great place to come to learn about how things work in the world around you. Have you ever wondered how the engine in your car works, or what gears do, or what makes the inside of your refrigerator cold? A new article gets added every week." Sections include: Engines & Motors; Around the House; Electronics; Things You See In Public; Basic Technologies; Computers; Understanding Digital Technology; Food; and Your Body. Searchable.

How Stuff Works Express
http://www.express.howstuffworks.com/

Provides explanations of science and technology concepts and objects to teens and children.

The Last Word
http://www.newscientist.com/lastword.ns

Provided by New Scientist magazine, this is a browsable, searchable archive of "over 300 questions on scientific phenomena, with answers provided by our readers." Be sure to completely read the answers given, as sometimes correction and clarifications are addended after the original answer.

LiveScience.com
http://www.livescience.com/

"If you love cool science, you've found a home. Every day we scour the world of science and zero in on the latest innovations, the coolest discoveries and hottest events. Our goal is simple: to be the most timely, reliable and useful source for cool science news for the whole family. We focus on the exciting fields of Earth, space and weather science."

MagPortal.com: Magazine Articles on Science & Technology
http://www.MagPortal.com/c/sci/

A searchable, browsable directory of magazine articles on research, scientific thinking, and laboratories that are available online. Topics covered include: Biology & Life Sciences; Chemistry; Engineering; Environment & Geology; Future Trends; Mathematics; Paranormal & Hoaxes; Physics; Psychology; Space & Astronomy. Updated every few days.

The Naked Scientists Online
http://www.thenakedscientists.com/

"The Naked Scientists Online Internet Science Radio show utilizes streaming technology to allow you to hear science, medicine and technology news, discoveries and breakthroughs being discussed by scientists and researchers, and includes interviews with famous scientists of world-class reputation. The site also contains an online science discussion forum, science, medicine and technology news, medical and health advice, science educational resources including science articles, science experiments, science projects, science book reviews, and archived on-demand internet science radio."

Nanotech Marketplace
http://www.nanotech-marketplace.com/

A portal for Nanotechnology information, products and product derivatives.

National Safety Council
http://www.nsc.org/index.htm

"A safety, health and environment search engine and news network that uses subject area experts to answer questions and guide you to information and resources on the Web. The Crossroads Web site was created by the National Safety Council to provide safety, health and environmental (SHE) managers unbiased information, tools and contacts they need to be better informed about SHE issues."

NEWTON's Ask A Scientist archive
http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/archive.htm

An archive of questions received and answers composed through NEWTON's Ask A Scientist service for K-12 students and educators. The following subjects are represented: astronomy, biology, botany, chemistry, computer, general science, engineering, environmental, mathematics, molecular biology, physics, veterinary, weather, zoology. The archives cover the years 1991 to 2001.

The Nobel Foundation
http://nobelprize.org/

"The Official Site of the Nobel Foundation" is searchable, and includes a timeline.

On Being A Scientist: Responsible Conduct In Research
http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/obas/

A booklet on ethics and values in scientific research, prepared by the National Academy of Sciences.

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Energy Science & Technology Directorate
http://www.pnl.gov/energy

The PNNL is a Department of Energy (DOE) research facility dedicated to promoting advances in environment, energy, health, fundamental sciences, and national security. The Energy Science & Technology Directorate forwards the DOE's mission by searching for efficient & environmentally friendly ways to use energy.

PSIgate: Physical Sciences Information Gateway
http://www.psigate.ac.uk/newsite/

"PSIgate aims to provide high quality Internet resources for students, researchers and practitioners in the physical sciences, specifically in: astronomy, chemistry, earth sciences, physics, and science history and policy. Along with the other hubs that make up the RDN, PSIgate provides an online database of relevant, high quality Internet resources, the Internet Resource Catalogue (IRC). Each resource has been selected by information professionals and subject specialists to ensure relevance and quality. A full description of each resource is provided, together with direct access to the resource itself."

Regional Inversion
http://www.regionalinversion.com/index.htm

The site is dedicated to economic development, regional change, economic geography, and regional science. It provides an overview of the concept of regional inversion, the roles of tangible and intangible infrastructure, innovative capacity, educational access, and related aspects.

Scholarly Societies Project
http://www.lib.uwaterloo.ca/society/overview.html

This site contains a searchable database of links to and information about international academic and scholarly societies. Societies are indexed in a subject guide or can be found by searching by name or abbreviation. The site can be translated in German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese.

Scholarpedia: The free peer reviewed encyclopedia
http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Main_Page

Offering very scholarly articles on very complex subjects, Scholarpedia improves on the anyone-can-edit idea of Wikipedia by making sure that the original author of all of its articles is an expert on the subject, that each article is peer-reviewed, and that any revisions of an article is first approved of by the original author.

Sci-Philately
http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/asl/exhibits/stamps/

"A Selective History of Science on Stamps." The author of this site has created this resource from a personal collection of science-related stamps from all over the world. Organized into topical categories, the stamps are pictured, along with background information about the idea, discovery, or scientist featured on each stamp. A list of resources related to philately and science is also included.

SciCentral
http://www.scicentral.com/

"SciCentral, which opened in June 1997, is a metadirectory of science and engineering resources conceived and created by professional scientists. The aim of SciCentral is two-fold: to aid the science community by enabling direct and efficient access to only the most valuable internet resources, and to prepare a platform for communication between scientists and engineers so that they may work together to solve the complex research problems confronting us today. Use of SciCentral is free." The searchable Gateway provides access to over 50,000 sites in 150 specialties in the following major categories: biological sciences, physical and chemical sciences, health sciences, earth and space sciences, engineering sciences, women and minorities in science, government agencies, institutional directories, and science in the news.

SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online
http://www.scielo.br/

"SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online is a collection of Brazilian scientific journals in electronic format. The objective of the site is to implement an electronic virtual library, providing full access to a collection of serial titles, a collection of issues from individual serial titles, as well as to the full text of articles. The access to both serial titles and articles is available via indexes and search forms." Available in three languages (English, Portuguese, and Spanish) and uses three different bibliographic standards.

Science Learning Network
http://www.sln.org/

If you are a science teacher or a parent who wants to link your child to excellent science resources on the Internet, this site is for you! "The Science Learning Network (SLN) is an online community of educators, students, schools, science museums and other institutions demonstrating a new model for inquiry science education." Funded by the National Science Foundation and Unisys Corporation, this site includes links to many excellent sites designed for children and science educators.

Science Service Historical Image Collection
http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/scienceservice/

"The Science Service historical image collection represents twentieth-century scientific research consisting of images and their original captions as they appeared in period publications. The captions were written by Science Service journalists and have been transcribed exactly. We are providing a 40-year sample of innovation and invention; which is specific to the subject of electricity." The site is searchable.

The Sciences Explorer
http://library.thinkquest.org/11771/

Science-related resources in mathematics, physics, biology and chemistry; including at-home experiments, interactive activities and selected, annotated links to other Internet sites. Searchable.

Scientific American: Ask the Experts
http://www.sciam.com/askexpert_directory.cfm

"There's no shortage of so-called experts out on the Web offering advice on everything from how to budge that pesky stain to how to get a bill through Congress. But, when it comes to the tricky questions of science, who can you trust? How 'bout the respected but accessible "Scientific American"? Here is offers the world's leading researchers and academics to tackle those questions that used to leave your high school science teacher in a cold sweat. Queries range from the profound (Is it possible to travel through time?) to the everyday (How does a microwave oven cook food?) and from the interesting (What illnesses do insects get?) to the suprising (How do whales sleep without drowning?). There are nine broad categories to browse and the opportunity to pose your own scientific brain-benders."

SciTechResources.gov
http://www.scitechresources.gov/

"A catalog of government science and technology resources." Created for "the scientist, engineer, and science aware citizen."

Sport! Science@The Exploratorium
http://www.exploratorium.edu/sports/

Learn about the science behind sports, including ice hockey, balls, and rock climbing. Also includes a sports science links and bibliography section, and the opportunity to ask a question about sports and science.

Statistical Reports of U.S. Science and Engineering
http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/

A welath of surveys, reports, and statistics on the sciences. Surveys describe the workfoce and current educational trends in science. Items are available in ASCII, WordPerfect or Lotus Worksheet formats.

Technocapitalism
http://www.technocapitalism.com/

This website explores the complexities of technocapitalism which is the interface between technology, society, and economics. Articles explore the potential of this new field and propose questions for researchers and students. This website was created by Prof. L Suarez-Villa, professor at the University of California.

Technology Administration, United States Department of Commerce
http://www.ta.doc.gov/

"The Technology Administration (TA) is the only Federal agency working to maximize technology's contribution to America's economic growth. Here you will find information about our programs, services, press releases, publications, and speeches. Please visit our site regularly to find all the latest news from TA and its three agencies: the Office of Technology Policy (OTP), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and the National Technical Information Service (NTIS)."

Temperature Conversion Calculator
http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/ChemResources/temperature.html

Calculates conversions to/from degrees Kelvin, Celsius, Farenheit, Reamur, and Rankine scales.

The Encyclopedia of Earth
http://www.eoearth.org/

Supported and maintained by the Environmental Information Coalition and the National Council for Science and the Environment, this site provides a free collection of scholarly, peer-reviewed articles about "earth, its natural environments, and their interaction with society." The collection is searchable, and users have the option of browsing by author, topic, sources, and several more. There are sections containing frequently updated news about the environment and discussion forums.

The U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
http://commerce.senate.gov/public/

The U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation reviews proposed legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating to topics including the Coast Guard, coastal zone management, communications, highway safety, inland waterways, interstate commerce, marine and ocean navigation, marine fisheries, Merchant marine and navigation, nonmilitary aeronautical and space sciences, oceans, weather, and atmospheric activities, interoceanic canals, regulation of consumer products and services, regulation of interstate common carriers, science, engineering, and technology research and development and policy, sports, standards and measurement, and transportation.

Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics Frequency Control
http://www.ieee-uffc.org/fcmain.asp

Research essays and review papers dealing with the History of Frequency Control and Timekeeping and tutorials dealing with clocks and oscillators.

USPTO Web Patent Databases
http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html

"This page is the starting point for the USPTO's free searchable patent databases, which cover the period from 1 January 1976 to the most recent weekly issue date." There are both full text and bibliographic databases that can be searched by using boolean operators, patent numbers, or other advanced search features.

Vega Science
http://www.vega.org.uk/

Site dedicated to science. You will find here lectures, series and discussions on science-related, ethical, social and other issues. Topics range from malaria to nanotechnology, from flight in birds and aeroplanes to cloning and the talks are all given/lead by outstanding scientists.

WebExhibits
http://webexhibits.org/

"WebExhibits helps you find high quality exhibits on the internet" and focuses on illustrated educational exhibits, not just references." Exhibit sites range in subject from the ancient world to science and technology, and from the creative arts to health and medicine. All exhibits are easily indexed.

The Why Files: The Science Behind the News
http://whyfiles.org/

"The Why Files, a project [originated by] the National Institute for Science Education, is an electronic exploration of the science behind the news. Twice a month, we'll bring you a new feature on the science (and math, engineering, and technology) of everyday life. Our boundaries are broad -- from outer space to cellular biology, from dinosaurs and dragon lizards to the statistics of political polling. It's our job to ask (and answer) questions like these: Why were hurricanes so common last year? Is there a relationship between eyesight and diet? Can electric cars help us breathe easier?". Searchable. Archives, forums, and question and answer services are available.