Jamelle Bouie’s article titled, Still Separate and Unequal-Why American schools are becoming segregated once again, touches on the history of desegregation in American schools but focuses how statistically minority students are more likely to attend majority- minority schools than in previous generations. This article points out that poverty and segregation play a direct role in the school system. While drawing connections between school segregation, concentrated poverty, entrenched segregation, and housing discrimination it also presents the authors not so optimistic view on future reforms to segregated schools, districts, and educational equality as he states in regard to education equality, “To do this, however, requires a commitment to
Michie’s “Holler If You Hear Me” and Kozol’s “Still Separate Still Unequal” are quite alike, considering they both discuss south side Chicago schools. However, the differences between the two texts far outweigh the similarities. Although there are a few similarities, such as both authors discussing and calling out the issues of segregation in their texts, there are many differences, such as Michie’s work being a narrative while Kozol’s is not and only contains anecdotes. In addition, Michie focuses on the experiences and opinions of students, instead of also discussing the physical state of inner-city schools or the strategies of teachers.
1. The three most important events where Congress passes 15th Amendment granting voting rights for all men, ruling in the Plessy v Ferguson, “Separate by Equal”, and establishment of NAACP) 2. Elizabeth Keckley was a slave, White house dressmaker, and civil activist. The name of her autobiography is, “Behind the Scenes”.
While reading the article, it is easy to see how the author establishes main points about race playing a key role in inadequate funding and opportunities for certain school systems. Darling- Hammond emphasizes that
Redlining is the discriminatory practice of denying or limiting financial services, such as loans or insurance, to specific neighborhoods, typically based on race or ethnicity. This practice was prevalent in the mid-20th century in the United States, and its effects can still be seen today in the form of segregated neighborhoods and disparities in wealth and opportunity. Based on academic performance, graduation rates, and student diversity, East Irondequoit High School in Rochester, NY surpasses Monroe High School, indicating that it is a more effective and inclusive institution for secondary education. Therefore, comparing the two schools can provide insights into the impacts of historical redlining on present-day educational inequality.
In addition, the Government Accountability Office [GAO] (2016) reported: “from school years 2000-2001 to 2013-2014, the percentage of all K-12 public schools that had high percentages of poor and black or Hispanic students grew from 9 to 16 percent” (p. 2). These findings suggest that practices of racially and economically segregating students of color continue unresolved. Sadly, poverty and race are automatic disqualifiers for children of color to have equal access to quality
In “The Painted Door” by Sinclair Ross, “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and “Behind the Headlines” by Vidyut Aklujkar, inequality and dissatisfaction are central topics shared by all the stories. Ending with some sort of a rebellious act which changes the protagonists’ lives, the three authors deal with the fact that inequality or isolation may lead to a breakout behaviour of the victims. The wives, Ann from “TPD,” the protagonist of “TYW” and Lakshmi from “BH,” are dissatisfied with their lives as they live in inequality and loneliness; this causes them to finally act out in some way, standing up for themselves. their breakout behaviours not only change their own lives but also the lives of their husbands. Inequality
Similar in “The Problem We All Live With,” the teachers in the failing school district of Normandy, are least experienced and least qualified than those in mainly white schools. Normandy, and all other majority black schools in 2014 “get the worst course offerings, the least access to AP and upper level courses, the worst facilities” (Jones). This suggests if more whites were mixed in with blacks, each would have an equal chance at education. Between the two, Jones creates a more successful case on the topic, racial tension. Because “The Problem We All Live With” emphasizes how history is repeating itself in Missouri, she provides not only logical statistics, but outside accounts of personal experiences as to why desegregation has a high chance of not working.
These students don’t get equal opportunities as those students attending elite schools. Authors Toni Cade Bambara and Jonathon Kozol have written vivid examples on how working class students have been impacted by segregation in school. Working class schools
Next, I attended an inner city Junior High School. I was not zoned there; I was accepted through their gifted program, but this only comprised a small fraction of the school. Coming from a school in a good neighborhood to one that was subpar was a huge leap, I immediately noticed the vast differences in the quality of education. My junior high school was mostly composed of Blacks, Hispanics, and a small percentage of White. In Segregation Prominent in Schools, Study Finds, by Motoko Rich, the statistics show that “43 percent of Latinos and 38 percent of blacks attend schools where fewer than 10 percent of their classmates are white (Motoko, 2012).
Johnathan Kozol’s article “Still Separate, Still Unequal: America’s Educational Apartheid” targets today’s society. He states how segregation today isn’t any different from how it was decades back. The intended audience can initially be everyone because the article stresses the importance of how America hasn’t really gone through much change. Kozol uses several methods of development to produce a successful argument. He persuasively constructs his argument using logos, while backing up his claim with factual information.
[Abbie Ramos ] [Educational equality] In Montgomery county, there was a lot of segregation within schools. Neighborhoods were separated by race which led schools to also be divided between black children, and white children. Even if there were “equal opportunities” in the schools, they wouldn’t be equal until black and white children could share the same building, materials, and teachers. After the ruling in Brown v. Board, black students finally received more schools and better opportunities to join integrated schools; but this did not stop discrimination from anti-integration supporters.
IT FOLLOWS THAT with education, this Court has made segregation and inequality equivalent concepts. They have equal rating, equal footing, and if segregation thus necessarily imports inequality, it makes no great difference whether we say that the Negro is wronged because he is segregated, or that he is wronged because he received unequal treatment... Chief legal council of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Thurgood Marshall (1908-93) spoke these words on 8 December 1953. Mr. Marshall argued some of the most successful cases for segregation in America before he knew their impact. During the 1940s and 1950s civil rights movement many changes occurred.
However, with diversity comes inequalities that people of color face throughout their lives. A particular issue in the United States, specifically in education, is unequal opportunities and treatment in regard to race. Research shows that students from single-parent black families had a high chance of dropping out and participating in illicit behavior (Hallinan 54). While the issue of race is a complicated issue to breach for
INTRODUCTION “We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place.” -Chief Justice Earl Warren Separate But Equal, directed by George Stevens Jr, is an American made-for-television movie that is based on the landmark Brown v. Board of Directors case of the U.S. Supreme court which established that segregation of primary schools based on race, as dictated by the ‘Separate but Equal’ doctrine, was unconstitutional based on the reinterpretation of the 14th amendment and thus, put an end to state-sponsored segregation in the US. Aims and Objectives:
For years there has been school choice for families that could pay for it. The rich have always provided very exclusive private schools for their kids, and working class families with the resources have moved to neighborhoods that offer the best education. But the poor, in urban areas, have had no other option than to send their kids to lower performing and even dangerous public schools. “Through the school choice initiatives underprivileged families have been given the same fortuities to send their kids to safer and better performing educational faculties which others have enjoyed for many decades” (Chubb). “In addition to the poor, others often ignored groups can greatly benefit from the system that allows certain schools to focus on special education, or teen pregnancy programs” (Rand).