Hana Phan
Mrs Thomas
Honors Chemistry P. 2
9-20-17
Chapter 2 Booknotes
2.1 What is matter? matter - anything that has mass or volume volume - the amount of space an object occupies mass - a measure of how difficult it is to change the object’s state of motion atoms - the basic unit of matter molecules - a neutral group of atoms held together by chemical bonds physical properties - properties that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter state - the condition of being a gas, liquid, solid, plasma, or neutron star chemical properties - properties that can be observed only when substances interact with one another
Matter is anything that has mass or volume. Volume is the amount of space an object occupies while
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Kinetic energy is moving energy and can be found through the equation KE=(½)mv². Energy is measured in the units of Joules or j. Potential energy is another form of energy that is energy that has the ability or potential to make matter move once it is released. Energy cannot be destroyed or created, rather is is transformed into other types of energy (for example kinetic to electrical). Mass is also another type of energy (mass energy) and it is just the mass of an object or the energy of being. Chemical changes cause atoms to be altered or changed while physical changes do not affect the chemical state of an object. Endothermic reactions absorb energy while exothermic reactions release it.
2.3 How is matter classified? pure substance - matter composed of only one kind of atom or molecule mixture - a collection or two of more pure substances physically mixed together homogeneous mixture - a mixture containing substances that are uniformly distributed heterogeneous mixture - a mixture containing substances that are not evenly distributed phase - any part of a system that has uniform composition and properties elements - the 109 simplest substances from which more complex materials are
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Filtering, evaporating, centrifuging, and decanting something will only physically change it. Chromatography is used to separate different parts of a solution so that it can be identified. It can work because different substances have different attractions to things. Distillation can separate substances, such as salt water, as long as it has different boiling points. It can even be used to purify salt water but it is not cost efficient or energy efficient so it is not suitable for everyday use. Density is the calculation or equation of mass divided by volume and it can be used to identify different substances. Density is always the same in one object or substance because density is a constant ratio. Objects have “lighter” densities will float while objects that are “denser” will
6. chemical energy- Energy that can be used in a chemical reaction, but is potential energy before the reaction occurs. 7. Coenzyme- Molecules that aren’t proteins but are organic. They help make
A reactant is the substance that is used up in a chemical reaction to give product, which is the substance that is made at the end of the reaction. Besides, the energy of the molecules that determines how fast molecules are moving is known as temperature. Therefore, the rate of the reaction that happens between molecules is affected by the size of the reactant.
Matter is made up of atoms; atoms are made of positively charged protons, neutral neutrons, and negatively charged electrons. 3. The measure of space that the molecules occupy (volume) is derived from the space in between the molecules and not the space the molecules contain themselves. 4. The motions for: • Solid- are not able to move out of their positions relative to one another, but do have small vibrational movements.
Atoms DBQ Atoms make up every object , substance, and material we know of(O.I). An atom is the smallest particle an element can be divided into. An atom has a complex structure, and the knowledge we have of it has changed many times throughout history. This tiny maze of parts has helped us learn important ideas about the structure and study of microscopic particles(O.I).
Kinetic theory states that molecules are always in constant motion. Kinetic energy and molecule velocity increases as temperature increases. Reactions require collisions between reactant molecules or atoms. In chemical reactions, the reactants change into products when molecule collide with enough energy to break old bonds to make new ones. Collisions increase or become more violent between molecules at higher temperatures or decrease as the temperature is lowered.
Due October 19th, 2015 Erin Gibbs: 200270053 Dr. Andrew Cameron Bio 222 Written Assignment 1 1. Health officials realized that the mysterious illness was not caused by a bacterium because the pathogen would be identified quickly in comparison to a virus, which is more complicated (CBC, 2013). 2. It was hard to identify the infectious agent because SARS presented as flu-like symptoms with a rapid onset and is similar to the common flu (CBC, 2013). People who had other underlying health problems made it difficult to identify symptoms of SARS because it made it hard to differentiate (CDC, 2013).
Science 1. Free ears in dogs are controlled by dominant allele (F), and attached ears are controlled by the recessive allele (f). In addition, Short dogs is due to a dominant allele(S), and long hair is due to a recessive allele (s). Which of the following is the genotype of the dogs with free ears and short hair? a. ffss b. FfSs c. ffSs d. Ffss 2.
A phase of matter is a uniform with respect to both its physical and chemical properties. Matter undergoes phase transitions that change from one phase to another. A state of matter is a form that matter can take such as solids, liquids, gases, and even plasmas. There are some other states of matter that appear under extreme conditions but these are the main ones you use in your everyday lives. For example, imagine you have gatorade and water.
2a. If sunlight were to disappear almost completely, it would leave lasting effects on many organisms such as an earthworm, a shark, a maple tree, a saguaro cactus, or a teenager. While looking at an earth worm, the short term effects would be beginning to see more of the species during the day. Earthworms are nocturnal, so they live beneath the surface when it is daylight and come out once the sun goes down. Because of this in the long run, the earthworm species would eventually become overpopulated; they would be above the surface more, so they would have more time to reproduce.
Particles are labeled in many ways. One way particles are referred to be as atoms (elements). They’re identified by their properties, number or protons and neutrons and atomic number. Another way particles are referred are as molecules (covalently bonded- nonmetal to nonmetal). For example, water is a molecule because it’s composed of nonmetals.
Chapter 1– Questions 1-5 While studying at Cambridge, Charles spent most of his first 2 years exploring the forest in hopes of finding rare beetles to collect. John Stevens Henslow also took him under his wing and inspired him to travel. While reading the Henslow suggested Personal Narrative by Alexander Von Humboldt, Charles started thinking about all of the places in South and Central America that Humboldt had traveled to. Henslow setup geological training with Reverend Professor Adam Sedgwick when Charles expressed interest in going to the Canary Islands. That was when He developed his love and skill for geology.
1) Plants have evolved many ways in which they can survive well on land. a) Identify three changes that had to occur for plants to move from a life mostly in water to a life on land. Three changes that had to occur for the plants to move from aquatic to terrestrial life are the following: Body support: In water, the plants are buoyant and the effect of gravity on them is minimal. The reason of developing rigid stem is to support the plants in a way that it can grow higher above the land.
1. A viruses is a non-living infection agent and can be found anywhere. it has no cell organelles. They are eliminated by the immune system. Viruses are the smallest in size of all the microbes.
Elijah Brycth B. Jarlos IX-Argon 1. Multicellularity is a condition of an organism to have multicellular cells. An example of a organism who has multicellular cells are plants, animals, and humans. The main reason of why scientists have a hard time finding a good set of existing organisms to compare. Is neither the first set of organisms which is being compared is dying as fast as the second specimen is being examined or they just can’t find the right species.
Semester Reflection Throughout the semester in AP Biology I’ve been able to cover several different topics. These include being able to identify biological processes that require energy, investigating and modeling ways organisms capture and store free energy for use in biological processes and investigating and explaining how organisms respond to changes in their environment. Over the semester I have been able to gain a full understanding and can demonstrate proficiency in each of these components of the curriculum. The work that I have completed involving these topics shows this.