Ap Psychology Chapter 2 Summary
Summary: Chapter 2
Chapter two dives into the concept of learning. As mentioned in the previous chapter, learning is the study of changes in behavior produced by experience, so when studying learning it is vital to examine how events in the environment change an individual’s behavior. Many scientists consider learning to be a natural phenomenon, they make their case based on four assumptions. The first assumption being that natural phenomena’s do not just happen, but instead they are caused as the result of some other event. The second assumption is that causes precede effects. The third assumption being that natural events are caused by a natural phenomenon, you cannot just blame God or luck for things happening, and the last assumption stating that the simplest explanation that can explain the data is the best explanation to go with. While these assumptions are where scientists begin
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Critics have claimed that the results from an animal cannot generalize over to people, and while this can be true, assumptions about human behavior based on animal research takes into consideration data from descriptive as well as experimental studies with people. The second objection to animal research is that it has no practical value as the research only provides facts that are only useful to a theoretician. While this might sometimes be the case the findings from animal research have been able to be put to good use in topics such as child rearing, sports, and education. Lastly, many critics are quick to say that animal research is unethical as people have no more right to experiment on animals as animals have to experiment on people. While there are ethical concerns that should be taken seriously these concerns beg the question of if it is unethical to use animals in research what about eating them, what about forcing them to be our pets or what about using animals on
Ap Psychology Chapter 1 Study Guide
1476 Words | 6 PagesOne of the most complex aspects of being human relates to the state of consciousness. It offers perhaps the most varied of experiences, from the state in which people are in when they are not conscious to the representation of semi-consciousness to the full reality of the waken state. Cognitive neuroscience may be one of the most well-explored areas of human well-being, and yet there is still so much more to learn about the inner workings of arguably the most important organ in the body. Chapter 3 delves into the concept of consciousness and the two-track mind, in an attempt to explain everything from sleep issues to addiction to the hypnosis to the ways in which the brain processes just about everything. The brain is a highly complex organ that is responsible for everything from knowledge to personality and everything in between.
Ap Psychology Chapter 9 Study Guide
535 Words | 3 PagesAccording to Dictionary.com (2017), the definition of psychology is: “The scientific study of mental processes and behaviour. The behavioural and cognitive characteristics of a specific individual, group, activity, or circumstance.” Psychology studies human mental functioning and behaviour by the use of systematic, scientific study known as the scientific method. The scientific method is a standardised way of making observations, gathering data, forming theories, testing predictions and interpreting results. Courses.lumenlearning.com (2017) stated that the scientific method is based on the following process: 1.Ask a question.
Ap Psychology Chapter 6 Analysis
456 Words | 2 PagesIn chapter 6 I learned more on how social influence impacts our everyday relations. There are three levels of social influence and they are by conformity, compliance and obedience. The first section talks about conformity, and it is the lowest level because we voluntarily adapt our behavior to match others. Now there are two variations or reasons outlined by the book to conform to those around us and they are “normative social influence,” and “informational social influence”. The former is our response to feel a greater sense of belonging in the group while the second deals more with us trying to be right by sometimes going with what others say to be right too.
Ap Psychology Chapter 7 Analysis
670 Words | 3 PagesI personally enjoyed every chapter that we have learned to date. If I had to pick my favorites, I would choose chapter seven and thirteen. I found these the most interesting because I enjoy learning about the brain itself, how memory works, and the disorders that occur. I find that the brain is the most unique aspect of the human body. Each brain holds millions of memories and ideas that are special to each person, and I find that beautiful.
Ap Psychology Chapter 7 Analysis
656 Words | 3 PagesChapter seven covers the list of black psychologists who broke barriers and help paved a way to inspire other black people to achieve their dreams. It also covered the achievement about black scholars at Howard University who majored in the field of psychology. This chapter became one of my favorites out of the book because it highlighted all the excellence that black people work hard for to get where they are so that we can have a better for life for ourselves. After I read chapter seven, I felt very inspired by some of the people that were highlighted like Charles Henry Thompson because it motivated me to graduate college and get my bachelor’s degree in psychology so that I can be able to pursue my career. Reading about all the achievements of black psychologists in the chapter was the standout moment for me because if it wasn’t for those people I wouldn’t be the man who I am today.
Ap Psychology Midterm
726 Words | 3 Pages1. “Passive, automatic effects change social perception, attitudes and other affective reactions, evaluation and emotion, and even behavioral responses, which are… widely assumed… [to be] under conscious control”. Given the significant effects on behavior in these studies, (how) can we control our behavior?
Animal Experimentation: The Moral Issue By Robert M.
830 Words | 4 PagesNumerous people have attempted to justify the use of such methods by putting down or rather, dismissing the animal as a creature lacking the mental capacities to be considered equals to that of a human being. In their book "Animal Experimentation : The Moral Issue" authors Robert M. Baird and Stuart E. Rosenbaum say, "holders of rights must have the capacity to comprehend rules of duty, governing all including themselves" (104). He then goes on to explain that "animals do not have such moral capacities" (Baird 105). And as a result of this "we can't violate their rights because they have none" (Baird 105). Dismissing the animal as nothing more then an object may not seem like the most reasonable defense against the use of animals for testing
Essay Outline For Animal Testing
1272 Words | 6 Pages(2007). The ethics of animal research. Talking Point on the use of animals in scientific research. EMBO reports, 8(6), 526–530. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400993 Hajar R. (2011).
Should Animal Testing Ever Be Justified?
1478 Words | 6 PagesScientists are commonly using animals these days to test their studies. Sometimes people have to make rugged choices to encounter their proper aid, these scientists use animals for their proper aid. The world is a very opinionated
Why Animal Experimentation Is Unethical
1066 Words | 5 PagesAnimal experimentation is unacceptable because it is unethical. The article “Animal Experimentation” it states, “many people object to the use of animals in scientific studies because the animals are denied their freedom and often suffer serious injury and discomfort.” People disagree with animal experimentation because the animals do not have the freedom to choose. Animals cannot speak for themselves to tell whether or not they want to get tested on, because of this then the animals that are tested on suffer a lot of discomfort and injuries. Another reason why animal experimentation is unethical because it is unreliable.
Compare And Contrast Operant Conditioning And Classical Conditioning
1404 Words | 6 PagesINTRODUCTION Have you ever thought on how people explain about behaviour? How do we know when learning process has occurred? Learning is permanent change that happened in the way of your behaviour acts, arises from experience one’s had gone through. This kind of learning and experience are beneficial for us to adapt with new environment or surrounding (Surbhi, 2018). The most simple form of learning is conditioning which is divided into two categories which are operant conditioning and classical conditioning.
Persuasive Speech On Animal Testing
1152 Words | 5 PagesAnimal testing simply means the use of non-human animals in experiments, which indeed arouse great controversy in recent years. More and more people think that human being’s benefits can’t outweigh animals’
Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing
343 Words | 2 PagesIn the United States today, about 26 million animals are used each year for scientific and commercial testing. The topic of animal rights has been a big debate ever since medical researchers and scientists began using animals and their experiments. The main debate is whether or not it is ethical for animals be used for medical research and the rights animals have. The issue is, animals are used research for human benefit and many argue this is inhumane and cruel. In general, the proponents of using animals for medical research argue that it is necessary for improving and saving humans’ lives but are not opposed to finding an alternative that is less controversial.
Animal Testing Pros And Cons
591 Words | 3 Pagesovember 4, 2015 Animal Testing One of the most argued topics in research is animal experimentation. Because animals are in many ways similar to humans in how they breathe, digest food, reproduce, and respond to infections, the knowledge scientists have gained from examining and experimenting on animals has advanced what they know about humans as well. In the United States, we use animals to develop medical treatments, determine the toxicity of medications, check the safety of products destined for human use, and other biomedical, commercial, and health care uses. Since there are pros and cons for the use of animal testing, there are groups and acts that are for and against these testings. Careful and controlled animal testing would benefit
Negative Effects Of Animal Testing
777 Words | 4 PagesAnimal testing, though beneficial for scientific study, discovery, and experimentation, can be detrimental and threatening for the animals tested on, making it a very debatable and controversial topic. Hope R. Ferdowsian, a George Washington University Assistant Clinical Professor in the Department of medicine, and Nancy Beck, a member of the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, are authors of the article “Ethical and Scientific Considerations Regarding Animal Testing and Research.” They discuss the “3 R’s” as being the reduction, refinement, and replacement of animals when doing scientific research. They write, “These principles encouraged researchers to work to reduce the number of animals used in experiments to the minimum considered
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