During 1942-1964 many Mexican immigrants were “given” the “opportunity” to enter the United States in order to labor and help the United States economic industry. For many immigrants the bordering country was seen as an exceptional place that offered great opportunities but at the same time many family difficulties. The Bracero Program during the 20th century for many Mexicans was seen as an exceptional deal that offered immigrants and infinite amount of opportunities to succeed; however, in Ejemplar y sin igual we realize that the Bracero Program in reality was not the “exceptional program” everyone thought. In Ejemplar y sin igual, Elizabeth Rosas mentions that “an entire generation of children experienced uniquely difficult childhoods because …show more content…
Although relatives were in the United States and earning money that did not mean that everything on “the other side” was going well, many family members were earning money, yet they were not sending/earning enough to provide for those who had stayed behind in Mexico. In order to have a better life children began to work and push themselves as much as needed in order to prove to others that they were exemplary and without equal. Many children entered the United States with hopes to find their relatives and work; however, the children were soon “captured” by the Works Progress Administration and “the organization argued that much more should be done to place these children in agricultural labor camps because they had demonstrated a remarkable ability to exceed employer expectations without making any demands” (189). The decision made by the Works Progress Administration had a negative effect, many children started to get exploited by middle-class individuals, children had to work without complaining but most importantly they were seen as “cheerful and illegal” (190). Children were seen as cheerful when in reality they were having a hard time coping with the situation; however, the children portrayed cheerfulness in order to seem exceptional while
At this time in history, there were “two million children under the age of sixteen” working to provide for their families, and some kids beginning labor at the tender ages of “six and seven years (in the cotton
Harvest of Loneliness by Gilbert Gonzalez presents personal accounts of Mexicans who participated in the Bracero Program. These accounts reveal the illusory, false hope embedded in the program along with its inhumane abuses. Such false hope being that for many Mexican men living in Mexico was difficult to provide for their wives and children, many wanted to own more land but did not have any means. Thus, the Bracero program was a strong alternative for them because their American job earnings could be sent back to their families in Mexico to buy more land or tools to possibly do their own farming in Mexico.
The children may work enough to provide for their families, however they have minimal time to be a child. This proves that the government, in personified form, is a giver of the law, who creates laws that can be interpreted as a success at the expense of the children who live this reality. As a result, the government signed a law that “required women and [children] to stop work at six,” which was a significantly improved version of the inhumane work schedules (lines 41-42). The same government that placed sensible limits on the egregious system which oppressed children, made a mistake. The government “took a long backward step” when it repealed the law that brought relief to oppressed children (line 40).
It also mentions the problem of child laborers working so that their families wouldn’t starve. The job market was so unstable that parents were forced to send their kids to work for some semblance of job security. John Spargo’s “The Bitter Cry of the
The children “enjoy the pitiful privilege of working all night long” once they reach the legal working age in their states (44-45). The contrasting connotations of the words “pitiful privilege” demonstrate the idea that the limited opportunity provided to children does not actually benefit them due to the harsh conditions (44-45). The negative consequences outweigh the opportunity to receive money to support themselves and their family. The intended effect is to cause the audience to come to the realization that the opportunity to work is not always a privilege one wants to have, especially if that specific privilege means dealing with unwanted negative
Finding the fact that children from the age of “twelve to twenty years” are subject to labor heartbreaking. Florence Kelley’s speech, given at the National American Woman Suffrage Association, uses a variety of rhetorical strategies to turn the hearts of the audience against child labor, along with strengthening the argument for women’s suffrage. She does this to ultimately to argue that when women can vote, they will put a stop to child labor. While other rhetorical strategies, such as logos and ethos, serve mainly to impress the audience’s reason.
Adding to the difficulties faced by braceros who attempted to engage in the program and come to work in the U.S. legally, there was the problem of illegal immigration and the fact that the INS, at least tacitly, encouraged Mexicans to illegally cross the border into the U.S. Illegal workers were often “legalized” if they happened to be detained by the border patrol, especially if it was during a peak season for American farmers. (cite, 140) At some points during the program, depending on the state in question, the number of illegal workers actually outnumbered legal braceros. (cite, 141) This certainly served to make the plight of the braceros an even more unsavory one. As Mexicans flooded across the border in ever-increasing numbers, the advantage
Living in neighborhoods that can literally injure or murder a small child. In this paper I will go through how immigrants went through their daily life and how they adapted or not. I will first go over the living conditions that an immigrant worker would have to deal with. Most immigrants that worked at the Union Stockyards lived in places that were
Once these laws take effect, immigrant right groups then look at these laws from all angles and challenge anything they deem violating. Prior to the civil rights movement in which Immigration reform was enacted. Mexican immigrants were allowed to migrate into the U.S through the Bracero Program in 1942. The Bracero program was a pact between the U.S and Mexico where a controlled number of Mexican migrants were
In 1943, the Bracero program was initiated to encourage Mexicans to come to America to work. The program continued throughout the year 1965 (Push and Pull Factors of Mexican Migration, 2014). The Bracero program was a mutual agreement between Mexico and the United States for Mexicans to come and work with short term contracts. In-between years the 1942 to 1964, 4.6 million contracts were signed. A lot of workers signed returning contracts to continue working in the United States (Bracero History Archive,
In her speech addressing the National American Woman Suffrage Association on the topic of child labor, Florence Kelley bases her argument, through the use of logos, cacophony, and rhetorical questions on the ethical merit against child labor. Establishing her main arguments, and introducing the topic at hand, Kelley provides statistical evidence by which she conveys the pandemic of child labor. By stating that, “We have, in this country, two million children who are earning their bread,” she establishes the idea that child labor is widespread throughout the union and further notes the idea by describing the alarming trend of low wage-earning children growing as a demographic. She also notes it is especially common for girls between the ages
Opportunities and tensions from World War II caused Mexican Americans to be victims of racism in public, they were treated differently in the workplace,
Kids back then were in awful conditions because their children had no freedom, got deformities due to not ever seeing the sunlight, were underpaid, working up to 16 hours a day, underfed, and often had very poor sleeping and housing conditions. This book was bringing attention to the awful conditions these young kids had to go through. Many families got separated and many people died during this time period. Around the world in poorer places there are still very poor and harsh working conditions for people. Many people take their freedom for
Unfortunately, the children belonging to the mestizo category who practiced more Spanish customs were higher up than those who practiced native customs. At the bottom of the “food chain” were the “Indios” or Indians. In the eyes of the Spanish, they had the legal status of children. Today, this system still exists to a degree. Unfortunately, the implication of Spanish culture still has impacted today’s Mexican society.
For six years I have known my friend “Annie Valentin” from a community college, the second generation of Filipino Americans. Although I never knew much about her family immigration background and experiences. Her parents born in Manila, Philippines, Mr. Valentin was born in the 1940s and Mrs. Valentin was born in the 1950s. They immigrated to the United States in the 1970s for jobs offered. Like countless first generations of Filipino American from the post-1965 wave, they have achieved a high educational level.