The earth is covered with 70% of water in the form of seas, oceans, lakes, and rivers. These water bodies act as marine habitat for different animals and plants to live, by providing suitable environmental conditions. There marine habitat is broadly divided into two types, they are Coastal, open ocean habitat and Deep ocean. [1]
Coastal habitat: Coastal habitat is located along the coast line of water bodies. Generally, coastal habitat is prone to erosion due to rise and fall of tides and waves. Based on location and type of environmental conditions, coastal habitat is divided in to many types. [1]
a. Intertidal zones:
This habitat is lies between the high and low tide zone, consists of both water and land. It is again divided in to Spray,
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The main animals and plants seen here are ghost crab, porpoises. [3]
c. Estuaries and salt marshes:
These are located nearer to the coast line and protects animals in their development phases. Estuaries mostly seen on the coast of rivers, and salt marshes located on the shores of oceans. The biggest estuaries is Chesapeake Bay, Virginia. Animals like blue crab, marsh shrimp, and fiddler crabs are seen in estuaries and salt marshes. [4]
d. Mangroves:
In mangrove habitat different types of plants are seen and they will protect the coastal areas from storms, cyclones, and hurricanes. It also reduces erosion and siltation. These are mainly seen tropic and sub-tropical type of climatic zones. Trees in this habit are the source of gums, tannins, and fuel wood. [4]
e. Coral reefs:
These are seen along the coast line and waters also. Corals are made up of calcium and these acts as shelter for tiny creatures living in the mud and sand. These are used for making artificial coral reefs. [5] Ocean habitat:
Open ocean habitat starts from coastal line to above the sea bed. Animals like Fishes, Penguins, Shrimps, Dolphins, etc. are seen at different zones of open ocean habitat.
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The Epipelagic zone:
The epipelagic zone consists of many animals and plants because sunlight penetrates through the water up to 200 Meters. This zone is suitable for scuba diving and other water sports. Marine mammals are abundantly found in this region. [6]
b. The Mesopelagic zone:
This zone is also called as Twilight zone. It starts after the epipelagic zone and has a depth of 1000meters, light decrease from 200- 1000meters gradually. Animals like Dragon fish, viper fish, and spine eels are present, they have special organs to catch the pray as the light is not is not available in this zone. [6]
c. The Bathypelagic zone:
The Bathypelagic zone starts at 1000 meters and extends up to 4000 meters. Animals in this zone are mostly in red and black, but they appear in blue due to bioluminescence. Different species like mollusks, crustaceans and jelly fish are predominant, they are dependent on detritus for survival. [6]
d. The Abyssal pelagic zone:
The Abyssal pelagic zone starts after the bathypelagic zone and extends up to 6000meters. Due to freezing temperatures and low pressure, it is hard to any animal to survive in this region. Animals like basket stars, sea pigs, and sea spider, can survive in this region.
Our group found a total of 3 critters in group 3. Throughout this experiment we found many different types of critters. Some of the critters we found are Gilled Snails, Stonefly, Water Penny, Scud, Crayfish, Pouch Snails, and many more. Since the creek is not polluted, many critters can thrive there. Another experiment we did was the Eutrophication test.
Ecological Succession Report of Conrad’s Beach Anthony Cormier (B00719104), SCIE 1505X October 23rd 2015 Abstract – The study to prove that ecological succession occurred at Conrad’s beach took place at Conrad’s beach in Nova Scotia. Species richness, height and amount of organic material was sampled by using a 1m x 1m quadrat. As predicted the abundance and size of the organisms were larger further as the groups got further from the sand dunes.
Horseshoe crabs, marine arthropods known for their horseshoe like shells have been roaming the Earth long before the dinosaurs. These living fossils only inhabit the Eastern Shore and can be found on Delaware beaches such as the Delaware Bay, but these living relics may be in for extinction. Due to this exact reason Delaware has begun studying and protecting these species. Horseshoe crabs are vital to the Delaware Bay ecosystem,
Cape cod has an interesting back story filled with slow moving glaciers. The sandy formation juts out into the Atlantic Ocean and is home to fascinating creatures year round. However the landform its self is far more interesting. From immense sand formations to unique current and tide movement, the oceanic spaces are captivating. The pressure of the open Atlantic with the added pressure above from the ever changing gulf of Maine create a diverse set up of bits and ends of curious patterns.
Their coloring provides a camouflage to the ocean floor allowing them to hide from their enemies, killer whales and sometimes scuba divers. Hammerheads mostly stay along continental shelves and coastlines, but on occasion they are found in the deep ocean cruising near the surface. Sharks have adapted to living in a wide range of aquatic habitats at various temperatures. While some species inhabit shallow, coastal regions, others live in deep waters, on the ocean floor and in the open ocean. Hammerhead Sharks are exotic and cannot be kept as a house pet, but they can be found in many aquariums.
This adaptation is to retain moisture using a special structure – the operculum – which can be sealed when the snail is not eating to retain moisture within the shell. This is used especially between the high tides, as water only reaches this high zone at these times. Another factor associated with the supralittoral zone is harsh wind conditions, which was observed at Hastings Point where the temperature indicated a 12% increase in average temperature between the littoral and supralittoral zones. The black nerites adapted behaviourally to survive these conditions. To do this,
The monk seals are a rare tropical animal that lives on the Caribbean and the Hawaiian Islands. Monk seals live in warm waters and spend about two-thirds of their time at sea. However, they also spend time on land as they breed and carry-out their “pups.” Coral reefs provide the seal as a great habitat for them to dive, swim, and for food such as fish. It may seem that monk seals spend most of their time at sea, but they also love to rest on shore on the beaches.
As you may know, blue crabs help support the fisheries in the Chesapeake Bay. However, over-harvesting has taken a toll on the population. Over-harvesting is most affecting the female species of blue crabs. According to the Chesapeake Bay Program, in
The Chesapeake Bay Oyster Restoration Project aims to help locate a healthy habitat for oysters. The Chesapeake Bay has been affected by the long-lasting drought in Maryland, which influenced the water quality. The drought increased the salinity of the water which has a negative impact on the oysters. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, “the native oyster is an extremely resilient species, able to tolerate wide variations in salinity and temperature—but it has not been immune to the pressures of disease, overharvesting, and pollution in the Chesapeake Bay. As a result, native oyster populations in Chesapeake Bay are at less than 1% of historic levels” (A,& Blue Water Media).
Recently, because of the downturn of sharks, those coral reefs and seagrass
In addition to birds, plenty of fish can be found in the basin and fishermen frequent the basin in search of Tilapia (3). Tilapia can be found by the hundreds in the basin along with corvina and an occasional striped bass, mullet, croaker, or sargo (3). The endangered pupfish, though rare, also rely on the basin for survival (10). Pupfish are also the only native species in the Salton Sea, thriving in shallow bodies of water with a high salt and heat
The Board doesn't think enough ocean habitats are safe. They support this with “only 1 percent of marine habitats (are) strictly protected” (par.12). This last statistic allows the reader to realize just how much needs to
Biotic components of ecosystems include plants, animals, and fungi living in that ecosystem that interact with the environment and other abiotic and biotic components. 8. Create a chart of the major characteristics of and differences between the following terrestrial biomes: Tundra, taiga, grasslands, temperate deciduous forest, desert, monsoon rainforest, tropical rainforest. 9. Create a chart of the major characteristics of and differences between the following aquatic biomes: freshwater ecosystems such as lakes, wetlands, and streams, marine biomes such as estuaries, intertidal zone, neritic zone, open sea zone, and deep sea zone.
Assignment: Coastal management • Explain what is coastal management • Discuss the types of coastal management and when they are used • The pros and cons of the types of coastal management Word limit is 2500 including references. Why is it important to defend the coast? Coastlines today, tend to be very heavily populated areas that are of high economic value due to tourism as well as key access point to ocean fisheries resources and sea transport routes. However, coastlines are particularly prone to flooding, whereby these fragile ecosystems take a long time to recover if they are degraded or destroyed.
Since, the increasing popularity of scuba diving has put more strain on coral reefs around the world. In fact, specially the driver work underwater photographers and beginners sometime make contact with fragile corals, breaking them or damaging them and leaving them susceptible to bacterial attack and disease. Eventhough they are not colleting illegal of coral reef still that they did not be responsibility to what they have done with coral reef. Occasionally, all the souvenirs are made from marine life for instances polished shells, clams and nautilus shells, jewelry made from shell or tortoise shell, pictures with dried seahorses, ashtrays made from clams (Teresa Zubi, 2015).