Sociology is “the scientific study of human life, social groups, whole societies and the human world as such” (Giddens 2009). Robert K. Merton (1910-2003) was an American sociologist who contributed greatly to the sociology we study today. He is best known for his theories of deviance, for his development of the concepts "self-fulfilling prophecy", “unintended consequences”, “role strain”, “reference group” ,"role model” and for founding the sociology of science. He is considered to have been one of America 's most influential social scientists. Robert Merton was born into a working class Eastern European Jewish immigrant family in Philadelphia as Meyer R. Schkolnick. He changed his own name at the age of 14 to Robert Merton, an outcome of a career as an amateur magician in his teen years. As a student he attended Temple College and Harvard, he studied sociology at both and in 1936 he earned his doctorate degree. From then on he started to contribute to the world of sociology by teaching in Harvard until 1938 when he became a professor and chairman of the Department of Sociology at Tulane University. He then moved on and joined the Columbia University faculty in 1941 where he worked alongside Paul F. Lazarsfeld for 35 years and where he created the “focus group research method” that politicians and businesses now use every day and where later in his life he became University Professor (the University 's highest academic rank) in 1974. Merton retired from the University
James Farmer Jr. was born in Marshall, Texas on January 12th 1920. His Mother was a school teacher while his father, James Farmer Sr., was a Methodist minister and was among the first African American men in the entire state to earn a PhD. Farmer was accepted at the early age of 14, skipping grades to Wiley College which resided in his home town. In 1938, his intellectual talent would lead to his graduation and move to Howard University in Washington, DC, where he would go on to study religion. His master's thesis examined a unity of economics, religion, and race. During his time there, he joined a debate team and became an exceptional part of it.
When someone thinks of a great African American hero, they usually think of someone such as Martin Luther King, Rosa Parks, and to a lesser extent, Harriet Tubman. But many names, such as Robert Smalls, go unnoticed, even though they too, did something incredible that helped win freedom for themselves and others. Smalls is just one hero, and here is his story: On April 5, 1839, Robert Smalls was born into slavery on a Beaufort plantation. Since his father was likely his master, he was treated well as a house slave.
Oliver Hill became a strong supporter of equality. Equality is the state of being the same in number, race, class, or quality. Oliver Hill grew up in Richmond, Virginia on May 1, 1907. Graduating from Dunbar High School, Hill wasn't sure what he wanted to do for a living. He married a woman named Beresenia Walker.
Connell, R.W 1997 questions the authentics of this foundation. "Sociology" who was "founded" by Marx, Weber, and Durkheim Connell questions them by calling "Sociology itself, insofar as it ceases to be purely descriptive and aspire to account for facts" (Connell, 1997,1523) Connell refers to the imperial glaze to sociology. The fathers
Andrew Wiles was born on April 11, 1953, in Cambridge, England. His dad, Maurice, was the Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. Since he was a youthful kid, Andrew was constantly inspired by math. He would complete the majority of his schoolwork just to make up new math issues that he solved all alone. He additionally got books from the library close to him, which he used to discover new math issues that would test and show him.
It is clear that Merton’s attention is more focussed on the values governing scientific activities, and this he calls ‘cultural structure of science’ rather than the institutions themselves. This he states is a ‘limited introduction to a larger problem’ mainly the ‘study of institutional structure of science’ (Merton, 1942). However, not only had Merton argued that the social scientist changed but the roots and sociological landscape of science changed during World War II and moved from society to the study of organisations and institutions, and out of the ashes rose the new discipline, sociology of science and a new set of imperatives, (Mendelson, 1989:
The symposium is a book constructed on Plato’s conceptions around the passionate erotic love. To Plato and others during this time love (eros) was known as a god, with such beauty and goodness that others praise and competing for its entity. As a young boy of royalty older men would advertise themselves for a chance at love (eros). This was an opportunity to raise a boy into a man, teaching all the necessary tools needed for adulthood. Some of these roles as a partner included being sexual active.
In the “challenge of facts,” Sumner states that, “The relation, therefore, between each man’s needs and each man’s energy, or “individualism,” is the first fact of human life.”(32) Sumner is blunt in his authority to tell his audience exactly the truth and what it is. As the first to teach sociology as a professor, he has this overconfidence in his ability to use his own voice and words to persuade his
Born in 1910 in Philadelphia into a working class Jewish emigrant family, Merton became a very important figure in Sociology as a whole. He started his education in Temple College and then later went on to Harvard where he studied Sociology in both. He proved extremely popular and highly respected when he was ranked the University’s highest academic rank, later to be awarded the national Medical of Science award and founding sociology of science. It’s important to add also that he was the first ever to do this.
According to the Dictionary, Sociology is defined as the study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society. This means that people are willing to study social problems throughout the world and the society that they live in. In my life, I deal with my social class, Gender, Race, Religion, and the time I was born. Because of who I am, I definitely have been a part of a different upbringing and lifestyle that many sociologist may find interesting.
To fully understand what Robert K. Merton contributed to sociology. We must understand who he was, what he believed in, why he believed what he did and finally, why he argued against other sociologists. In this essay, I will be talking about Self Fulfilling Prophecies, Middle Range Theories, Manifest and Latent Functions and the Strain between Culture and Social Structure. Robert Merton, is one of America’s most significant social scientists. He was born on the 4th of July 1910 and died 23rd February 2003, aged 92.
In today’s modern society, everyone is largely affected by society. From multiple social institutions like the government and economy for instance or even the effects of education and mass media; these all play a huge role in an individual’s relationship, behavior, and actions in their society. For an individual to understand things like a “culture” or why every society has a ‘social class hierarchy,’ they will be directed to “Sociology”. Sociology is the systematic study of the structures of human society and social interaction. Sociology attempts to understand how things like society, social events, interactions, and patterns influence the way humans think, act, and feel.
Sociology, the study of human behavior with one another through observation, participation, experimentation, and is a relatively new concept in science. The systematic study of human behavior began in the late 1700s and was sparked by the French Revolution of 1789. The term sociology is accredited to a French philosopher by the name of Auguste Comte, who originally called it Social Physics. Comte wanted to distinguish the scientific study of human behavior from the other sciences, therefore, he termed the scientific study of human behavior as Sociology. Comte believed that this new field of scientific study would provide a knowledge of society based off scientific evidence and that it should contribute to the welfare of society.
In my sociologist, I will look at how history and sociology are related to and connected to one another. I will also look at through historical framework from a sociological perspective why drug use continues to rise among the wider population specifically ADHD medicine for children and opioids for adults. Sociology and the social forces that subsequently flow and control the world are an important aspect of understanding the world. It understanding the sociological perspective and the social imagination in the context of the history of the world that helps sociologists to explain the social forces that are apart of everyday life. This idea directly ties into Mills "Uses of History" chapter in his book Social Imagination which tries to explain how history enhances our understanding of sociology offering sociologist
Sociology is the scientific study of human social relationships and interactions. Sociology 's subject matter is diverse. Subject matter for sociology ranges from the micro level of an individual and interaction to the macro level of systems and the social structure. At the society level, sociology examines and explains matters like crime and law, poverty and wealth, prejudice and discrimination, schools and education, business firms, urban community, and social movements. We can see these subject matters crystal clear as sociology ranges from crime to religion, from the family to the state, from the divisions of race and social class to the shared beliefs of a common culture and from social stability to radical change in whole societies.