There are many flaws that exist in the current criminal justice system. Many that need to be altered in order to insure that justice is issued indiscriminately. This paper will draw information from four sources, and compare the information drawn to Reiman’s beliefs. Then the paper will come to a final conclusion on how Reiman believes the criminal justice system should be fixed. Reiman’s discussion of crime in America begins with looking at the high crime rates and reviewing the excuses people make for this high rate. One of the main excuses that Reiman argues against is that “We’re too soft”. The US currently has the highest number of incarcerated individuals in the world, a lot of whom are minorities (not very soft). In a New York Times article written by David Brooks, he discusses how …show more content…
Through the process of how legislators have defined crime, who police have arrested, and how media has reported crime, the typical criminal has been identified as young, urban, poor, minorities. President Barack Obama feels the same way. In a interview with Vice, Obama described how he believes the system is biased in a way that African American youth are more likely to be suspended for school, arrested, charged, and prosecuted more aggressively, than white American youth. Reiman would agree, and would add that a reason for this is that African Americans are disproportionately poor, and the poor tend to be arrested by the criminal justice system more frequently than their contribution to the crime problem would warrant. Then the question arises on why African Americans remain in poverty. Elizabeth Warren argues that it is because African Americans “face diminished economic prospects and discrimination in housing, education and employment”. Reiman would agree and state that if minorities continue to be economically disadvantaged, they will proceed to be the targets of the current criminal justice
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Alexander, M. (2012). The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (Rev. ed.). New York, NY: The New Press. Michelle Alexander in her book, "The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness" argues that law enforcement officials routinely racially profile minorities to deny them socially, politically, and economically as was accustomed in the Jim Crow era.
The book On the Run by Alice Goffman narrates six years Goffman spent hanging out in a black poor neighborhood of West Philadelphia that she calls 6th Street. During her stay there, she became friends with a group of resident young men, and got to know their surroundings such as girlfriends and family members. This experience in this disadvantaged neighborhood pushed her to write this book where she describes the neighborhood’s conditions, the violence encountered by the police and the residents, and the injustices of the criminal justice system. The book’s primary argument is that the continuous threat of surveillance and continuous investigations that lead to the arrest and imprisonment of young people did great harm to 6th Street, turning many of its residents into
Racial profiling, poverty and high crime rates are the major contributors to high incarceration rates for African Americans compared to their percent of the general population. Besides social and economic isolation, African Americans have been marked as inherently criminal with the war on drugs and crime targeting them even when the statics shows they are less likely to be in possession of cocaine for example (Walker, Spohn, DeLone, 2012). The high number of African Americans on death row is the result of institutional racism. Majority of the judges in the United States are white and more often than not are either implicitly or explicitly biased in their rulings (Walker, Spohn, DeLone, 2012).
America’s criminal justice system is marred by a startling and unfair impact on marginalized communities. People of color are arrested, sentenced and incarcerated when compared to white people accused of similar
In this article, Staples discusses the treatment of African Americans by U.S. police, emphasizing the history of racial profiling and discriminatory treatment. Staples focuses mainly on the arrest of Henry Louis Gates, Jr. who got arrested in his home located in Cambridge, Massachusetts which relvealed the sharp racial divide over what police could do to innocent black people. Robert goes on to explain that the racial underpinnings cause the majoritity of the public to favor law enforcement as a slutionto crime. Robert claims the political support for U.S. legal discrimination leads the people against minorities in criminal penalties over small crimes which usually are nonviolent offenses. I will use this academic article to support my conclusion
Is it fair that an African American man is sentenced up to life in prison for possession of drugs when Brock Turner is sentenced to only 14 years, later to be reduced to six months for sexually assaulting an unconscious women. The judiciary system are believed to have a high african american incarceration rate as a result of discrimination. At a presidential debate on Martin Luther King Day, President Barack Obama said that “Blacks and whites are arrested at very different rates, are convicted at very different rates, and receive very different sentences… for the same crime.” Hillary Clinton said the “disgrace of a criminal-justice system that incarcerates so many more african americans proportionately than whites.”
“Many media outlets reinforce the public’s racial misconceptions about crime by presenting African-Americans and Latinos differently than whites- both quantitatively and qualitatively. Television news programs and newspapers over-represent racial minorities as crime suspects and whites as crime victims,”. A real-life example of this is Michael Brown, whose death was the catalyst for riots in Ferguson. Judges ordered his juvenile records to be released to lawyers, which sparked indignation in the community. The records were clearly released was to see if he was a “bad person”, maybe even deserving of his murder.
Michelle Alexander, similarly, points out the same truth that African American men are targeted substantially by the criminal justice system due to the long history leading to racial bias and mass incarceration within her text “The New Jim Crow”. Both Martin Luther King Jr.’s and Michelle Alexander’s text exhibit the brutality and social injustice that the African American community experiences, which ultimately expedites the mass incarceration of African American men, reflecting the current flawed prison system in the U.S. The American prison system is flawed in numerous ways as both King and Alexander points out. A significant flaw that was identified is the injustice of specifically targeting African American men for crimes due to the racial stereotypes formed as a result of racial formation. Racial formation is the accumulation of racial identities and categories that are formed, reconstructed, and abrogated throughout history.
It argues that the over-reliance on punitive measures, such as incarceration, has disproportionately impacted marginalized communities, particularly people of color. Stevenson writes, "We are all implicated when we allow other people to be mistreated. An absence of compassion can corrupt the decency of a community, a state, an entire nation" (p. 18). This quote illustrates how the US legal system has failed to provide meaningful justice for those who have been impacted by crime, and has instead perpetuated cycles of violence and trauma. Through advocacy for restorative justice, we are able to call for a deeper examination of the role that the legal system can play in repairing harm and promoting healing.
Synopsis In the introduction, Michelle Alexander (2010) introduces herself and expresses her passion about the topic of how the criminal justice system accomplishes racial hierarchy here in the United States. In chapter 1 of The New Jim Crow, Alexander (2010) suggests that the federal government can no longer be trusted to make any effort to enforce black civil rights legislation, especially when the Drug War is aimed at racial and ethnic minorities. In response to revolts formed between black slaves and white indentured servants, rich whites extended special privileges to their indentured servants that drove a wedge between them and the slaves that successfully stopped the revolts.
Whites misjudge how much crime is committed by African Americans and Latinos, because of the way they are portrayed on the news.” (Sentencing Project). By providing the public with this information in regards to racial minorities being at the heart of many crimes throughout the country, media networks create a norm for information especially due to the fact that the majority of their viewers are not familiar with the
Annotated Bibliography Alexander, M. (2010). The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. New York: The New Press. Alexander opens up on the history of the criminal justice system, disciplinary crime policy and race in the U.S. detailing the ways in which crime policy and mass incarceration have worked together to continue the reduction and defeat of black Americans.
The United States prides itself on being a country of opportunities where the underprivileged can rise up and everyone is treated equally, but is that really the case? In reality the income of an individual gives them advantages of going above the system. The sociological explanation of the influence of the wealthy over the criminal justice system is described in the of the Pyrrhic defeat theory written in Jeffrey Reiman and Paul Leighton book The Rich Get Richer and the Poor get Prison Ideology, class and Criminal Justice. The Pyrrhic defeat theory emphasizes the failure of the criminal justice is the consequence of success for those in power, who are taking advantage of the system.
The United States has a larger percent of its population incarcerated than any other country. America is responsible for a quarter of the world’s inmates, and its incarceration rate is growing exponentially. The expense generated by these overcrowded prisons cost the country a substantial amount of money every year. While people are incarcerated for several reasons, the country’s prisons are focused on punishment rather than reform, and the result is a misguided system that fails to rehabilitate criminals or discourage crime. This literature review will discuss the ineffectiveness of the United States’ criminal justice system and how mass incarceration of non-violent offenders, racial profiling, and a high rate of recidivism has become a problem.
Even in our criminal legal system, a man of color is 6 times as likely to be convicted, and a Hispanic is 2.3 times more likely. Black men account for more than 50% of the jail, and prison population. “1 in every 15 African American men and 1 in every 36 Hispanic men are incarcerated in comparison to 1 in every 106 white men. ”(Jamal Hagler 8 facts..).