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Down Syndrome Research Paper

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Down Syndrome
Down syndrome is a genetically defect in which there is an extra chromosome on chromosome 21 also called Trisomy 21. This chromosomal material affects the course of development and more towards characteristics associated with Down syndrome. Some characteristics of the chromosomal abnormality, Down syndrome, are low muscle tone, small stature, upwards-slanted eyes, a single crease across the palm, and a protruding tongue. Since one out of 691 babies are born with this chromosomal disorders, Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality.
The older the mother gives birth, the higher the risk of the baby receiving the condition. For example, a mother the age of 30 has a one in a thousand, a mother the age of 35 has a …show more content…

Genetic ultrasounds check with blood tests checking the fetus for some physical abnormalities related to the condition. On the other hand, diagnostic tests are 99% accurate in discovering down syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities. When performing the diagnostic test inside the uterus, there are chances of miscarriages and other problems. Diagnostic tests include chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis, and percutaneous umbilical blood sampling. Chorionic villus sampling includes collecting a small sample of the placenta, either through the cervix or through the abdomen, usually performed between 10 to 12 weeks of pregnancy. Amniocentesis includes eradication of a small amount of amniotic fluid and therefore allows doctors to examine for the appearance of any type of chromosomal abnormalities. This process is usually performed between 15 to 20 weeks of pregnancy and carries risk factors of complications such as preterm labor or miscarriage. Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling involves collecting a sample of blood from the umbilical. This process is usually performed while the mother is 18 weeks pregnant and also includes the same risk factors as amniocentesis. Subsequently a child is born, if the doctor notices any down syndrome physical traits, they will collect either a blood or tissue sample stained to show chromosomes using a

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