Introduction The goal of social justice is to combat oppression by focusing on equitable treatment and equal opportunities (Benner, 2022). The social work profession values advocacy and service as methods to combat oppressive practices. Oppression is apparent in all aspects and systems of our society (Hatcher et al., 2022). The existence of oppressive practice within the social work profession is debated, with many supporting the existence of oppression in social work practice. In this paper, I will describe the five facets of oppression, analyze the alignment of oppression and critical race theory, and reflect on the oppressive aspects of the social work profession. Five Aspects of Oppression Oppression has no single definition (Benner, …show more content…
Exploitation has been evident in history since the beginning. A significant example of exploitation in the United States was the practice of slavery in which a dominant group, white males, enslaved and exploited labor from African Americans and indigenous peoples. Alongside this historical exploitation lies prevalent examples of everyday life. Even today, exploitation is utilized in the form of sweatshops that produce a significant percentage of the clothing seen in stores. Marginalization In society, there are certain groups or populations that are perceived as incapable or undesirable. This represents marginalization. There are many groups labeled as marginalized. Black Americans, indigenous peoples, LGBTQ+ identifying individuals, and individuals with disabilities are all referred to as marginalized in our society. A specific example of this is how individuals with disabilities are seen as “incapable” and “unworthy” due to misconceptions that they are not educated and that they lack all abilities. …show more content…
Critical race theory (CRT) holds that racism is normalized and permanent in all aspects and systems within society (Hatcher et al., 2022). CRT examines societal models that are racially oppressive, such as the presumption that black Americans, indigenous peoples, and people of color are deficient, an example of marginalization. CRT recognizes and observes all facets of oppression as it pertains to racism: exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence. As a theory composed of activism, the goal of critical race theory is to combat oppression by advocating for the change of the relationship between race and power (Benner, 2022). A modern example of the alignment of CRT combating oppression is the advocacy and agreement with policies such as affirmative action, which seeks to ensure equal opportunities for BIPOC Americans. As oppression pertains to individual and systemic maltreatment, critical race theory aligns with combatting all facets of oppression by recognizing complex intersections of oppressive systems within
The Critical Race Theory was developed by a group of feminist scholars who studied the ways “racism and sexism helped to create and reinforce a power structure that historically privileged white males had over other Americans”. In the past 20 years, critical race theorists have used slave history to prove how a negative image of black women has persisted. It is the opinion of many respected scholars that the Critical Race Theory is difficult to define with simple examples. Two female scholars Derrick Bell and Darlene Clark Hine gave detailed examples to clarify their claims that race and gender played a major role in how CRT scholars were able to demonstrate why slave owners created the “jezebel” and “mammy” stereotypes. The “jezebel” was a term that implied a black female slave was a primitive creature with uncontrollable sex urges which caused innocent white slave owners to lose self-control.
In society people have gathered and formed opinions and beliefs on what oppression is. “Governor Wallace of Alabama blocking the schoolhouse door; we think of water hoses, lynchings, racial epithets, and “whites only” signs” (108) are things, explained by michelle, are things that formed the incorrect idea of what oppression actually is. While this form of oppression is during the original Jim Crow era is face forward and very obvious, it has altered and skewed our views on oppression and racism as a whole. Mass incarceration has formed this idea of a bird cage, with the idea that If “one thinks about racism by examining only one wire of the cage, or one form of disadvantage, it is difficult to understand how and why the bird is trapped” (108). The system that traps and oppressed African Americans during the modern era is a much more structural intricate system.
They mainly aim those accusations at theorists who advocate for policies that explicitly take race into account. " in the belief that the theory only fosters feelings of hatred and anger toward white Americans in the hope of achieving equity and equality they lose the crucial essence of it. Nevertheless, they claim that Critical Race Theory stifles progress by labeling all white people as oppressors and all black people as helpless victims. They discuss how the issue with critical race theory is not its definition, but whether we should be taught it at
In this part, the intersectionality of race and gender developed by Critical Race theorist can be used. Critical Race Theorist argues that “race does not occur independently of the histories of
This essay examines how intersectionality impacts Black women, examining their various levels of struggle and the tenacity that defines their path. Crenshaw contends that comprehending intersectionality allows us to see the diverse identities of minority women and better grasp how various oppressive systems interact to produce compounded discrimination. She highlights the significance of viewing race, gender, and other social categories as linked components of one's identity rather than as separate and isolated issues. Black women reside at the intersection of race and gender, which exposes them to a unique set of issues that are sometimes disregarded or misunderstood. Black women face racism and sexism in predominantly White nations, making their experiences complex.
We can’t escape the systems that we’ve set up in colleges, universities, private and public sectors as it relates to jobs, economics. These systems are the root causes for privilege and entitlement. It isn’t about whether or not a race has failed or that specific individual have succeeded but rather that system been fashioned that requires those that are disenfranchised to seek recourse from laws and the courts. It’s hard for people to accept that they are racist or that a system is holding others back despite the appearance of
White privilege is one contributor to many inequalities. This article is a great tool for all social workers to use to help identify the many social inequalities that others face due to white
Despite the discrediting of biological underpinnings of race arguments, social scientists argue that race must be retained and used in our expla- nations of societal issues. Through intersectional analysis, we can see how experiences of discrimination and inequality are compounded and intensified for individuals who occupy intersecting marginalized identities. By considering the intersection of race and other social categories, we can begin to address and dismantle systemic structures of oppression in contemporary popular culture. 15. Race, gender, and
Racial inequality is not just personal prejudice or racism. It is driven by deep institutional problems. We can recognize these problems and take steps to eliminate these inequalities and move our society toward greater fairness and equality by recognizing the existence of racial
In conclusion, Critical Race Theory (CRT) developed in America as a reaction to the disappointment of the antidiscrimination laws to accomplish any genuine social advantage for the black community. The very acknowledgment of slavery in American Constitutional government (Bell 1995). CRT has formed quickly into a significant branch of social theory and has been taken up beyond the United States to incorporate work like in Europe, South America, and Africa. It is often criticized by people working with alternative perspectives who view the emphasis on race and racism as mistaken or even threatening. In spite of such attacks, which frequently rest on a lack of understanding and misrepresentation of the approach, critical race theory continues on to develop and is becoming to be one of the most critical perspectives on the policy and routine of race
However, what they fail to see is that it’s a social fabrication. In America, there’s a singularity where some individuals have advantages because of their skin color, while unfortunately others are victimized for the equivalent reason. The deep-rooted controversy of inequality and prejudice has insinuated the social fabric in our American society and government, as African Americans still experience discrimination on all levels until today, but society seems to be blind to that fact. As mentioned in the article “Redesigning Racial Caste in America via Mass Incarceration” written by Gilda Graff, “The extent of America’s continuing blindness to the New Jim Crow can be seen in the presidential nominee Obama’s 2008 Father’s Day address about missing black fathers, a message delivered many times by black ministers as well as by Bill Cosby, Sidney Poitier, and Louis Farrakhan” (126). As an example Kimberly Houzah, a twenty-seven-year-old woman was kicked out of a Victoria Secret store at the Quintard Mall in Oxford, Alabama.
In today’s society the topic of Critical Race Theory (CRT) is highly controversial, specifically between political parties. The theory itself derived as a critique of color blindness within legal studies. Today it also applies to education research and higher education curriculum (Cabrera, 2018: 210). While some of the definitions may vary, a general rule of thumb is that Critical Race Theory is a collection of activists and scholars that study and attempt to transform the relationship between race, racism, and power (Cabrera, 2018: 211). It strongly encourages the idea that within society it is important to recognize and understand how racism is embedded into our institutions.
Critical race theory is a movement that had taken and continuously takes shape as a result from the ideas of pre-existing movements such as the critical legal studies movement and a radical feminist movement. Theorists within critical race theory strive, through the analysis of the structures of law as well as legal traditions within society (particularly within America) to recognise inbuilt racism within the structure of the law through the “history, contemporary experiences, and racial sensibilities of racial minorities”. Critical race theory is a twentieth century movement emerging from the 1970s as a movement created on the realisation for new “theories and strategies were needed to combat the subtler forms of racism” that were remerging in society as a result of the stalling of the civil rights (within America). With regards to the forming of the CRT movement, (Delgado & Stefancic, 2001) asserts that “CRT began as a movement in the law” where law was initially the original discipline under critical race
By attempting to understand a situation through the Structural-Functionalism theory, it is clear that many social institutions are racist in their nature in our society. Social institutions are monetarily influenced, and since many people of color do not have financial advantages, social institutions tend favor those with advantages. Discrimination based on racial factors can also be explained by the Symbolic-Interactionism theory. People of color have to be very aware of their actions in society, for our society will analyze and discriminate as they see fit. Therefore, racism affects people at every given moment of the
Anti-oppressive practice focuses on the structural inequalities and places the blame that service users internalize on the structures and systems themselves (Ajandi, 2018). Humanistic and social justice values and ideas shape anti-oppressive practice (Healy, 2015). They address inequalities that affect opportunities of service users, due to the interlocking of social relations and oppression (Burke & Harrison, 2002). AOP aims to identify oppressions and define ways in which social workers can attempt to become anti-oppressive, avoid discomfort, and end oppression to service users (Strega, 2007). It highlights mutual involvement between the social worker and the service user, challenging forms of oppression and inequalities (Burke & Harrison, 2002), and presents the idea that service users do not occupy a “single identity”, but instead have interlocking oppressions that work together to put clients at a social disadvantage (Strega, 2007).