In this essay, I would like to answer and discuss the following questions: How did the people in Athens and Sparta obtain the right to participate in public life and make decisions affecting the community? Who held public office? What rules governed the selection of public office holders? How were two city-states similar in their governmental structures and how did they differ with each other? For the Spartans the right to participate and made important decisions from the entire community were only exercised by the adult and legitimate male citizens of Sparta. Therefore, their parents must be full-blooded Spartans. The form of government of Spartan was military totalitarian. The government governed by the selected few among the legitimate male citizens. In short, to obtain the absolute right to take part in running the political system, one must be born with Spartan parents and it should be an adult male ages 30 and above. On other hand, to the Athenians all free adult men who …show more content…
Ephors were the five magistrates of Spartan. Their term of office was only a year. Their main duties were to administer the Spartan's foreign affairs, judicial system and their armed forces. Aside from that, the Ephors have also the power to declare war to peasants or the "helots," when a rebellion occurs. On other hand, the assembly also elects the Gerousia. They were a group of thirty older men ages sixty years old and above. They served in the office for a lifetime. They were considered as an élite assembly. They were rich and highly influential people of the society. All the important decisions were decided or influence by these group of elders. Among themselves, they will select their kings. Spartans had two kings, however their powers were limited because the Ephors and Gerousia can dictate them what to do. These are the rules that governed in the selection of public office holder in
The Spartans reverence to Lycurgus’s laws help set up a society base on militarism and conservative values. They as a society denying full social and political equality to all men, who allowed females, have social equality. The system in which Lycurgus left the Spartans denied both a democracy and a chance of a tyrant to gain control over the Spartans.
The Spartan government consisted of a king, council of elders, and the Ephors. The Ephors were citizens of the state who represented and were elected by a majority of the population. Every citizen was eligible to be elected as an Ephor. Compared to the United States government, the Ephors are likened to the legislative branch of government because they “determine suits about contracts” (Aristotle). Noble people made up the council of the elders who were essentially the judicial branch of the government because they were the “judges of homicide” (Aristotle).
There were many cases of bribery in the government that wasn't taken seriously by the court. In Sparta power was given to citizens through the assembly which consisted of all male citizens in Sparta, but in theory anyone could participate. The government had an elaborate system of checks and balances to make sure that no branch had more power than another. Also contrary to popular belief the Spartans treated there slaves bette than the Athenians. The slaves in Sparta were actually known as helots who were lower class citizens.
Athens and Sparta, two of the ancient Greek city-states, are renowned for having distinctive and distinctive administrative systems. Although certain similarities between them, their approaches to governing were very different. This essay will look at who held public office, the criteria used to choose those candidates, how the two city-states' administrative institutions varied and compared, and how citizens in Athens and Sparta earned the right to participate in public life and make decisions that affected the community. In Athens, all free adult male citizens were allowed to participate in the political process.
They decided to establish a leader by voting. This example
Athens and Sparta government structures According to Brand (n.d.), Athens and Sparta were said to be the two most powerful among many of the Greek city states, called poleis. There were a lot of well-known historical events which we still study and observe about them even in modern times because of Athens being the birthplace of democracy, and the impressive strength and courage of Spartan warriors. Although these two city states were powerful and influential at their time in Greece, they had significant similarities and differences in their government structures and civilization. Therefore, I will explore how they share some common characteristics and contradict each other at the same time in terms of their government structures, as follows.
Although the plebeians were allowed to be in the assembly of centuries, the wealthy had more power in it. This was the body that the plebeians wanted to be governing. The plebeians also wanted a single ruler who followed the majority(Mcgill). New leaders find that they can use the plebeians’ wants for support, and in turn, for
At the age of thirty, the Spartan man would become a citizen with full rights and duties and would also be able to take part in the assembly of the people known as the Apella and hold
The education of Sparta varied in strengths and in weaknesses. The Sparta’s were first located in southern Greece called the Peloponnese. In this colony, the Sparta’s only vision was bloodthirsty war and violence. At the age of seven, a young boy is removed from his family and is expected, from his 8th to his 21st year, become educated to a brutal military-like discipline. Therefore, regarding the education in Sparta, the weaknesses outweighed the strength because the Spartan’s didn’t value family morals, the basics of reading and writing were taught, and the upbringing of Spartan boys was cruel and painful.
Soldiers lived and dined together, and their daily lives followed a set routine. Military service ended at age sixty, whereupon a man might be elected to serve in the Council of the Elders for a year, before being truly free from his duties to the city-state ("Ancient Greece" n.d.). Athenian men led far more "normal" and well-rounded daily lives in comparison to the Spartans. At the age of thirty, an Athenian male citizen became part of the demos, and was considered a full adult. Men had jobs, such as farming or fishing, and handled the financial affairs of their households.
Unlike the Romans, Athenians had a strict but fair schedule that allowed them to enjoy citizenship equally. Equally, hard workers have brought Athens power just as much as hereditary leaders. According to Document B all citizens should be allowed to speak their opinion and have a share in election because of the hard work they do to make the city powerful. Athenians allowed poor and common men to win a position in government which was a transition from the wealthy having power to everyone having power.
These were all older men who had great wealth. In his Republic, Plato also criticizes oligarchy, saying of Sparta’s government, “A government resting on a valuation of property, in which the rich have power and the poor man is deprived of it… And then one, seeing another grow rich, seeks to rival him, and thus the great mass of the citizens become lovers of money.” In order to keep control of their economy while maintaining a strong military, the Spartans relied heavily on slaves. These slaves had no rights, and even the poor had very little say in their lives.
Athens organized a group of Greek city states into the Delian League and eventually lead and dominated all of the city states in the League. Athens’s military prowess allowed them to look down on the other members of the League and treat them as members of an empire instead of equals. This caused some to view them with hostility which sparked the conflicts between Athens and Sparta that lead to the Peloponnesian War. The direct democracy of Athens wasn’t actually as inclusive and steady as the statement at Pericles 's funeral state, “Our Constitution is called a democracy because power is in the hands not of a minority but of the whole people (Doc C).” In fact, of the 450,000 citizens of Athens in 430 BC, only about 40,000 people had the power to vote.
Webb’s “Depth of Knowledge” Levels Homework #18: DOK Level 1 – Question: Who were the Spartans? The Spartans were basically the soldiers of the Ancient Greek city-state, Sparta. The Spartans devoted all their time to the military, partaking in military training, hunting and war battles. They lived a frugal lifestyle and without any luxuries. They were taught to be brave and courageous at a very young age, soon evolving into soldiers for the military.
History 1421 Week One Written Assignment University of the people Abstract This week, as a prompt for our written assignment we were given five questions relating to the text provided as week one’s reading material, “Athens & Sparta: Democracy vs. Dictatorship” by Dr. Peter J. Brand; how did people in Athens and Sparta obtain the right to participate in public life and make decisions affecting the community, who held public office, what rules governed the selection of public office holders, how were the two city-states similar in their governmental structures, and how did they differ.