Ester Synthesis Lab Report
The ester synthesis of isoamyl acetate for this lab was carried out through nucleophilic acyl substitution. The purpose of this lab was to demonstrate the procedure for the synthesis of an ester from a carboxylic acid and alcohol using the techniques of refluxing. An ester is a very important functional group because it is widely distributed in nature. Additionally, esters can be synthesized with different methods such as direct reaction between carboxylic acid and alcohol in the presence of a strong acid catalyst, this is called Fischer Esterification. Furthermore, the by-product of the reaction is water, which is produced as a result of a condensation reaction. Most importantly, this reaction is reversible, therefore, an excess of acetic acid is added to shift the equilibrium to favor the ester product. Also, to acid is removed from the product mixture for the ester to separate from the water by neutralizing the acid with a base. Overall, banana oil will be synthesized from acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol. Results: …show more content…
The experimental yield for this experiment was 0.704g, and the calculated moles for the product is 0.00541 moles. Furthermore, the limiting reagent was calculated to be acetic acid because the moles calculated for acetic acid is 0.0622 moles and 0.0833 moles for isopentyl alcohol. The percent yield was then calculated to be 8.7 percent because the theoretical yield was calculated to be 8.098g. The appearance of the crude organic ester product was a liquid that looked yellowish. Additionally, the experimental refractive index came to be 1.3978, and the corrected temperature was calculated to be 1.3992. This is a little different from the literature refractive index, 1.4000, however, it is still very close. Also, the literature boiling point is 142C, but the experimental boiling point was not determined during the
Experiment Of A Wittig Reaction
1167 Words | 5 PagesUsing method 2, the product appear as white crystals. Given that the yellow color remain throughout the product in method 2, too much aldehyde was added. It was predicted that this was the source of error because aldehyde was a yellow liquid. In this experiment, 293 mg of aldehyde was weighted for method 1 instead of 250 mg and.
Lab Report Chemistry Lab
728 Words | 3 PagesThe lab started off by measuring critical materials for the lab: the mass of an an empty 100 mL beaker, mass of beaker and copper chloride together(52.30 g), and the mass of three iron nails(2.73 g). The goal of this experiment is to determine the number of moles of copper and iron that would be produced in the reaction of iron and copper(II) chloride, the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and the percent yield of copper produced. 2.00 grams of copper(II) chloride was added in the beaker to mix with 15 mL of distilled water. Then, three dry nails are placed in the copper(II) chloride solution for approximately 25 minutes. The three nails have to be scraped clean by sandpaper to make the surface of the nail shiny; if the nails are not clean, then some unknown substances might accidentally mix into the reaction and cause variations of the result.
Cyclohexene Lab Report
720 Words | 3 PagesThis experiment converted cyclohexanol into cyclohexene by means of elimination reaction with the addition of 85% phosphoric acid. In comparison, the product obtained was a clear colorless liquid with a strong odor similar to the original solution. However, when combined together in the seperatory funnel there was two distinct layers formed. This is evident that a reaction took place and the product formed is a different compound than the original. In order to confirm that a different product was formed, additional test were performed to solidify the characterization.
Thin Layer Chromatography Lab Report
753 Words | 4 PagesIntroduction: In this experiment, the identity and absolute configuration of an unknown chiral secondary alcohol will be determined using NMR and CEC. By using the given NMR data, the identity of the alcohol an be determined. In order to identify the stereochemistry of the alcohol, it will have to undergo an esterification reaction in which propionic anhydride, two enantiomers of HBTM(each used in different reactions), and triethylamine are used. Thin layer chromatography will be run at a specified time in the reaction, and the results will be examined both quantitatively(via ImageJ) and qualitatively to which reaction reacted more quickly.
Chemical Reactions Lab Report
1029 Words | 5 PagesIntro: Chemical reactions are the foundation for all organisms to exist. Paragraph 1: Endergonic Anabolic Reactions Building Consumes energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones Uphill Photosynthesis Uses water and carbon dioxide to create sugar and oxygen Protein synthesis from amino acids Dehydration reaction Monomers are covalently bonded to each other through the loss of water Bonds are created which means energy is used Endergonic Exergonic Breaking Release energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler molecules
Isopentyl Acetate Synthesis Lab Report
539 Words | 3 PagesIn this laboratory experiment, 3.030 g of Isopentyl Acetate was synthesized and formed by the esterification of acetic acid with Isopentyl Alcohol. 1.0 mL of Sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst in the reaction. The excess Isopentyl Acetate was used to shift the reaction to the right for esterification to occur. During the extraction, the excess of acetic acid and Isopentyl alcohol was extracted with sodium bicarbonate, and further purification of the Isopentyl acetate was done after through drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate and through simple distillation. The percent yield of the Isopentyl Acetate was 46.6 percent with a theoretical yield of 6.502g. In this laboratory experiment the acetic acid was in excess and the Isopentyl Alcohol was the limiting reagent,
Isolating Trimyristin To Yield Myristic Acid
598 Words | 3 PagesThere are three main types of ester hydrolysis reactions: base-facilitated hydrolysis (saponification), acid-catalyzed hydrolysis (with the reverse reaction the Fischer Esterification), and enzymatic hydrolysis, triggered by lipases. Base-facilitated hydrolysis generally uses aqueous NaOH as a reagent, providing the base that attacks the carbonyl and begins the hydrolysis. Saponification hydrolyzes esters into carboxylic acids or fatty acids and alcohols. This has been used for thousands of years to produce soap from fatty acids as the salts produced from saponification can dissolve fats, surrounding them with micelles and allowing them to be easily removed with water1. It can also be used to produce glycerol from triglycerides.
Isopentyl Acetate Synthesis Lab Report
626 Words | 3 PagesAbstract During this experiment we will produce Isopentyl Acetate via the fisher mechanisms. The alcohol group is converted into an ester giving off a banana scent. This reaction does not favor the products therefore we must add an excessive amoinut of Acetic Acid to shift the equilibrium to favor the products. Our results showed a successful reaction by comparing our boiling results and infrared results to the textbook data on Isopentyl Acetate. Introduction Isopentyl Acetate is an ester that is commonly referred to as banana oil, this is due to the similarity in odor of bananas.
Hydration Of Alkene Lab Report
657 Words | 3 PagesThe process of acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene to and alcohol has valuable properties with practical uses. Naturally, as an alkene, norbornene is not very reactive. It has a strong pi bond, and is also non-polar. However, by hydrating norbornene with the assistance of an acid-catalyst, norborneol is formed. Norborneol, being an alcohol, is much more reactive and has the potential to be further reacted to obtain a certain product.
Isoborneol Lab Report
894 Words | 4 PagesThe main objectives of the experiment were the following: to synthesize isoborneol, recrystallize the product, characterize it, and determine the yield of the product. To synthesize isoborneol, the reduction of camphor by reducing agent, sodium borohydride (NaBH4), was carried out (Figure 1). The utilized NaBH4 was determined to be active based on the bubbling observed in the reaction mixture. The bubbling is due to the evolution of hydrogen gas from the reaction of NaBH4 and methanol (Equation 1; Davis&Gotthbrath, 1962). NaBH4 + 4 CH3OH→ NaB(OCH3)4 + 4H2
Acetylsalicylic Acid Synthesis Lab Report
704 Words | 3 PagesLab Report 5: Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) Synthesis Name: Divya Mehta Student #: 139006548 Date Conducted: November 19th 2014 Date Submitted: November 26th 2014 Partner’s Name: Kirsten Matthews Lab Section: Wednesday 2:30 L9 IAs Name: Brittany Doerr Procedure: For the procedure, see lab manual (CH110 Lab Manual, Fall 2014) pages 96-98. Wilfrid Laurier University Chemistry Department. Fall 2014. Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) Synthesis.
Cross Condensation Of Aldol Lab Report
838 Words | 4 PagesThis product undergoes base catalysed hydration giving dibenzalacetone. Sodium hydroxide is a catalyst in the reaction because the NaOH reacts with water. Following this is then the
Methyl Trans-Cinnamate Lab Report
1399 Words | 6 PagesAbstract – Methyl trans-cinnamate is an ester that contributes to the aroma of strawberry. It can be synthesized by an acid-catalyzed Fischer esterification of a methanol and trans-cinnamic acid under reflux. The solution was extracted to obtain the organic product, and evaporated residual solvent The yield was 68%, but there is some conflicting data regarding the purity. The melting point, IR, GC-MS indicate a highly pure desired product whereas 1H NMR shows there are unreacted reagents still present.
Separation Of Hexane And Toluene Lab Report
439 Words | 2 PagesAbstract: The purpose of this lab was to separate hexane and toluene from a mixture by collecting fractions of both hexane and toluene through simple distillation. Because hexane and toluene have different boiling points they distill at different times and can be separated easily. We found the refractive index by putting our collected fractions in a refractometer. Once we knew the refractive index we could figure out the percentage of both hexane and toluene in the solution. The first fraction was collected from 66°C to 70°C the temperature then dropped and the rose to 98°C and the second fraction was collected from 98°C - 100°C.
Ester Synthesis Lab Report
659 Words | 3 PagesThe sulfuric acid was used to protonate the oxygen on the carboxyl group of benzoic acid. This promoted the addition of the nucleophile (the methanol) to the double bonded carbon to oxygen. After the nucleophile attacks the double bond, a two-proton transfer occurs and water leaves the molecule to form an ester. The benzoic acid and methanol are in equilibrium with the product. This ester product equilibration leaves a lot of starting material unreacted.
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