For the preparation of the catalyst, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS, Merck; purity> 99.9%) was dissolved in anhydrous ethyl alcohol (CH3CH2OH, Merck; purity>99.9%) under stirring for homogenization within 15 min at room temperature. After that, 3-aminopropyl(trimethoxy)silane (APS) was added to the ethanolic solution and mixed for >15 min. Then, Salicylaldehyde was added to the solution of TEOS and APS. The molar ratio of TEOS/APS/ Salicylaldehyde was 5:1:1. Then, Fe(NO3)3·9H2O (0.5mol) was added to above solution and was kept at 80 °C for 12h under reflux. The obtained red-brown solid was filtered and washed for three times with methanol and DMF, then dried in air. The as-prepared photocatalyst was characterized by SEM (VP-1450), EDX (type …show more content…
However, in order to accommodate larger samples, the inner width of the reactor was made to be 10 cm that is larger than the standard one (7 cm). The test setup was designed to provide a constant concentration of test gas flow into the reactor and over the sample surfaces. The ambient light was used as an illumination source to test the photocatalytic activity of materials toward nitric oxide. The produced gases in the photocatalytic oxidation of the nitric oxide analysed using NOx analyser (THERMO Scientific Model 42i NO-NO2-NOx Analyser). The experiment was conducted in the following manner: The test sample placed in the photoreactor and, the glass window was attached. Simultaneously, the flow was stabilised in an empty line that directly connected to the NOx analyser. Next, the test gas was allowed to flow over the sample in darkness and the change in the volume fraction of NO and NOx was recorded. After maintaining of the gas flow, the sample was exposed to ambient light for 60 minutes and the NOx volume fraction was recorded under this conditions; the percent yield of photocatalytic NO oxidation was conducted …show more content…
Microcalorimetry experiment was performed on Setaram−C80 heat flow calorimeter coupled to a multiport high-vacuum homemade glass manifold. A specific amount of the sample (approx. 500 mg) was taken into a sample cell, reference cell was taken as empty and together they are connected with Pyrex tee. The sample was heated from room temperature to 200°C under vacuum and kept for 2 h, then 3-4 doses of helium gas were introduced into the system to remove any excess residue such as moisture or organic impurity from the system. The system was heated for 4-5 hr under vacuum at 200°C and then cooled down to the temperature (50°C) where we want to perform the adsorption study. Small doses of test gases consecutively introduced to the system and gradually increased up to 50 Torr until an equilibrium pressure was reached. Then the obtained differential heats of the test gases adsorption were recorded as a function of its coverage. Further, the manifold degassed under vacuum for almost 30 minutes; adsorption was conducted in the same manner. Finally, the number and strength of active surface are obtained from the difference between the adsorbed gases from the first and second
3.1 Project Methodology In order to make sure that this project is on track, proper planning and scheduling is crucial. It is necessary to identify the significant key points which are photocatalytic activity of SWCNTs, properties of carbon nanotubes and titanium oxide, available testing procedures using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other spectroscopic methods. In this section, a brief detail provided regarding the methods used, sol-gel, hydrothermal and electrospinning. Also, the available tests that will be used are explained.
The reaction rate will be measured by the rate of production of oxygen gas as hydrogen peroxide is
Of course, the various sources of error have affected the results from this lab. Since the initial mass of eggs used was different for each group, the experimenters had to find the percent change in mass to keep the results constant. To conclude, when the eggs were placed in a corn syrup solution with more solute, their masses steadily decreased. The inside of the eggs have a lower solute concentration than the corn syrup solution outside the cell. Water within the eggs flow outwards through the membrane to the syrup solution, decreasing the solute concentration.
The objective of the Unknown White Compound experiment was to investigate the compound’s physical and chemical properties to correctly identify and then synthesize the compound. The first step was to test the compounds solubility and create a solution with distilled water. Next, a pH test was conducted by testing the unknown compound using pH paper. Following, the flame test was used to determine the cation and the ion test was used to determine the anion, which concluded the compound to mostly be potassium nitrate. Next, a conductivity probe and pH probe were used to confirm the unknown compound to be potassium nitrate.
Unknown Lab Report Unknown # 25 By: Jenna Riordan March 19, 2018 Bio 2843 1. Introduction Microbiology is the study of microorganisms found in all different environments throughout Earth, from the hot thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean to the ice at the top of a mountain.
grams of the compound into 50 mL of distilled water and then “swirling” the mixture to dissolve the compound. Once all of the solutions were created, the nichrome wire must be cleaned. This was done by rinsing it with distilled water and then burning it in the flame. Next, each aqueous solution was burned and the results were recorded. In between each test, however, the nichrome wire was cleaned again.
The dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol takes place at the bottom of the Hickman still. As the Hickman still heats up within the sand bath, the products evaporate and travel higher up in the still where they condense into a liquid and fall within the collection ring, thus separating the product from the remaining water. Drierite (CaSO4) is also added as a drying agent to absorb any leftover water within the product. The purity of the product will then be analyzed with infrared spectroscopy, paying attention to OH peak if it is present. Chemical Reactions: Data and Observations: Material Volume Mol.
This is highly exothermic reaction with the present of multi component catalyst such as molybdenum, bismuth and iron supported by silica. These catalysts can achieve high selectivity and weak activity that deactivate the process slowly. The drawback using these catalysts is the product is easily poisoned by sulfur compound in the reactant gas. Because of the highly exothermic reaction, it can achieve until 670 to 750 kJ/mol of heat reaction. The superficial velocity of reactant gas inserted into the reactor is very fast by the range of 0.4 to 0.7 m/s and it only taken few seconds of contact time from 5 to 20s in the reactor.
What it does is to make anything it’s pumped into more fast than it should be, and everyone knows how to apply for it, force to be enumerated. So, don’t call it “noss.” Just like most people, you may still be wondering what “T-Stoff” and “A-Stoff” are. Nitrous oxide is composed of one oxygen atom and two nitrogen atoms; under the pressure and heat of combustion, nitrous oxide splits off into oxygen and nitrogen. Oxygen atom breaks down, and the free oxygen atom combines with fuel molecules and burns in the combustion chamber.
INTRODUCTION A gas chromatograph (GC) can be utilized to analyze the contents of a sample quantitatively or in certain circumstances also qualitatively. In the case of preparative chromatography, a pure compound can be extracted from a mixture. The principle of gas chromatography can be explained as following: A micro syringe is used to inject a known volume of vaporous or liquid analyte into the head or entrance of a column whereby a stream of an inert gas acts a carrier (mobile phase). The column acts as a separator of individual or chemically similar components.
Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized according to our previously reported method by chemical co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions with a molar ratio of 1:2 [19]. Briefly, 2.4 g of FeCl3.6H2O and 0.8 g of FeCl2.4H2O were dissolved in 30 mL of deionized water under using continuous N2 purge at 70 °C. and Under vigorous stirring, followed by dropwise addition of 10 mL of NH3.H2O was dropwise added to the reaction mixture until the color of mixture turned to black and kept reacting for 90 min to complete the reaction. At the end, the synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles were separated by a magnet and washed by using water and ethanol for further three times with 89.3%
Joshua Miller 12/18/17 Fermentation Lab report Introduction The term fermentation refers to the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat (wikipedia). Sugars are converted to ethyl alcohol when fermentation happens. In this experiment we determined if yeast cells undergo fermentation when placed in a closed flask with no oxygen. Glucose and yeast are mixed together in a closed flask and allowed to incubate for about one hour.
Experiment #7: Column Chromatography of Food Dye Arianne Jan D. Tuozo Mr. Carlos Edward B. Santos October 12, 2015 Abstract Column chromatography is the separation of mixture’s components through a column. Before proceeding with the column chromatography itself, a proper solvent system must be chosen among the different solvents. The green colored food dye is the mixture whose components are separated.
Introduction The term chromatography actually means colour writing, and signifies a technique by which the substance to be examined is placed in a vertical glass tube containing an adsorbent, the different segments of the substance traveling through the adsorbent at distinctive rates of velocity, according to their degree of attraction to it, and producing bands of colour at different levels of the adsorption column. The substances least absorbed emerge earliest; those more strongly absorbed emerge later. (Wixom et al., 2011) In chromatography of all types, there is a mobile phase and a stationary phase.
DETERMINATION OF PERCENTAGE ETHANOL IN BEVERAGES 1. Introduction to Gas Chromatography Gas chromatography is a very powerful separation technique for compounds that are reasonably volatile. The components of a sample partitions into two phases, the 1st of these phases is a immobile bed with a great surface area, and the other is a gas phase that permeates through the immobile bed. The sample is evaporated and passed by the mobile gas phase or the carrier gas through the column. Samples separates into the stationary liquid phase, based on their solubilities at the given temperature.