Majority people believe our human memory is like a videotape recorder, record everything what had happened accurately and can play it back over and over again. But actually it’s not. Our memories can be contaminated by others or our past memory and come up with false memory which called misinformation effect. The story of Jennifer Thompson and Ronald Cotton shows a great example of memory failure. Jennifer Thompson had mistaken Ronald Cotton with Bobby Poole who is the rapist. When the photo lineup is in front of her, Jennifer pointed Ronald Cotton in the photo lineup and absolutely sure that he is the perpetrator but she’s wrong. She chose the one who looks most like him because under the stress and fear of a traumatic event, the victim
Emma Bryce, a science and environmental journalist wrote an article for WIRED titled “False memories and false confessions: the psychology of imagined crimes”. She bases her article on the experience of a criminal psychologist, Julia Shaw and studies of a cognitive psychologist, Elizabeth Loftus. The article describes several cases where false memories resulted in getting innocent people in jail. Julia’s job is to study what triggers false memories we encounter every day and how the results of her studies can be applied to the criminal-justice system where it is very important to detect them. As she said, unfortunately, the police still makes a lot of mistakes that put innocent people in prison, so her job is to fix this by providing scientific
The way the human brain works is marvelous, but often people alter the reality of a situation making false accusations and statements. Ronald Cotton was accused of breaking into Jennifer Thomson-Cannino home and sexually assaulting her. They both lived
Two years later, Ronald and Jennifer met face to face to try to make sense of their mutual tragedy and formed an unlikely friendship that changed both their lives. Exploring themes of criminal justice, guilt, forgiveness, and redemption, Picking Cotton has been widely praised as a compelling
In reality the memory can be affected by numerous outside stimuli and previous beliefs. Due to television, one of the most well know detective tactics in the police arsenal is forensic
Followed by the lack of corroboration, which is an important aspect in courtrooms, “corroboration will add credibility to the memory and lack of it may raise doubts about the allegations.” Loftus considers that relying on memory is not a valid way of justice; the legal system needs to improve when eyewitness testimonials are used in the courts. Loftus confides as a psychologist that psychological science has taught them about human memory and that the research has revealed the limits of human memory. Adding on, these research findings need to be incorporated in procedures to improve the court system. She hopes readers will acknowledge the fact that the use of memories in a trial can be problematic since they are “dangerous” and can lead to false
Memories can be misinterpreted easily especially with the passage of time. This is why during interrogations, eyewitnesses’ can feel pressured and choose the wrong suspect such as the Tillman case. Tillman was accused of kidnapping and raping a woman in 1988. DNA analysis of the semen showed that it had come from someone else and he was wrongfully imprisoned for eighteen years (Duke
In season one episode six of the Serial podcast titled “The Case Against Adnan Syed”, there are many inconsistencies and false memories as the story is unfolding through the interviews made by the police and Koenig. During interviews, the majority of the answers received from witnesses did not add up or make sense. Also, individuals involved with the case claim they either did not recall what transpired or said something completely different from their previous statement. The above statement proves that the human memory is imperfect and cannot be reliable.
It is unlikely that social consequences of false memories can be avoided. Elizabeth Loftus was intrigued to study false memories, and is perhaps personally responsible for subsequent developments throughout the history of false memories. Some of this history addresses various theories aimed at isolating how or why false memories occur. These include Source Monitoring Framework, Activation Monitoring Theory, Fuzzy Trace Theory, and strategies for persuasion which can lead to the development of false memory. Such persuasion leads to the present discussion concerning how persuasion in the judicial system has created false confessions and wrongful eyewitness testimonies, due to the Misinformation Effect.
Most people have many core memories that didn’t even happen to them but instead happened on a TV show or movie they watched. This leads to many awkward situations when people talk about their life stories and people seem to remember that same event on a TV show they had watched. This remembrance of an event that never happened could be due to many factors. A study performed by Northwestern University concluded that “Every time you remember an event from the past, your brain networks change in ways that can alter the later recall of the event. Thus, the next time you remember it, you might recall not the original event but what you remembered the previous time” ( Paul ).
Like in the beginning of the book when they brought Jennifer Thompson in to see if she could identify the person that raped her she pick all of the clues that lead to Ronald Cotton and once she was dead set on him being the person that raped her, she did everything in her power to make sure that he was put in jail. Because in the book she said “Put a man in a cage with beasts and throw away the key, its usually not very long before the man is a beast himself”. Even when Ronald Cotton was in court and brought that guy that looked just like the picture that Jennifer Thompson drew, but had similar characteristics to Cotton. But since she was dead set on Ronald Cotton being the guy that raped her, she was oblivious to the fact that the other guy was the one who raped her
Part One is very informational and contains the bulk of the book’s research. The information was presented in a thesis format; Loftus stated a claim and then supported her ideas with research and quotations from experts in the field of law and memory. Part One is helpful for psychologists, attorneys, and interested law people. The major principles concerning the errors in eyewitness testimony are supported by research and are accepted by psychologists (Kassin, Ellsworth, & Smith, 1989). Part One will contribute to the future of psychology by showcasing how the memory works and the different ways it is manipulated and changed: this will allow jurors and lawyers to become more wary when dealing with a traumatized
Are You Sure? Why have more than two-thousand people exonerated for crimes they didn’t commit? Eyewitness misidentification is the leading cause of wrongful convictions in the U.S. Memory can be influenced by anxiety, stress, reconstructive memory and other factors possibly affecting the testimony of the eyewitness and in turn, misleading the jury. I think that when subjects witness a crime they will struggle to remember important details of the event, and their recollection could be easily altered. This is because the reconstructive memory can be influenced by factors such as stress, anxiety, and verbal cues.
This week’s topic was very interesting to learn about how important eyewitnesses can be when a crime and accidents do occur. In the case that was presented in the 60-minute segment of Ronald Cotton and Jennifer Thompson is exactly how legal system can fail us when it comes to the eyewitnesses’ identification testimony and how a person’s perception and memory can be altered. The aspect of psychology and law research from this week’s course material is most relevant to the topic of perception and memory. The memory has different stages the first is encoding the process of entering perception into memory.
This could distort memories or allow false information to be injected into the memory, creating a false memory. An example of this would be like the “Telephone Game”, as one person says it to another it may change and continue to
This clearly sows that the memory is an active process and is expected to alter an opinion based on understanding society (Simple Psychology, 2014) . Eyewitness testimony is unethical as the evidence that is supplied can be provided by someone with stress or anxiety issues this can assist by distraught the image of the suspect. Wrongfully sending an innocent individual to prison. Bloods worth’s case displays it is unethical as there was no psychical evidence nor appearance matched that supported Bloodsworth was responsible for the murder and rape of the victim. Three eyewitnesses were able to identify the perpetrator out of the five and this was based from evidence that he was spotted with the young girl hours earlier before the crime was