Allan Cutler’s journal article “The First Crusade and the Idea of Conversion” is the first part of an ongoing compilation of tales regarding the First Crusade. Cutler’s grammar is excellent and his writing style is simplistic and easy for the reader to understand. The author list innumerable sources for such a short article, unfortunately, he does not provide much historical fact based data. Cutler continually makes assumptions about his premise and asks the reader to do the same.
Cutler in trying to describe what he contends to be “One of the greatest moments in history.”
Implies that Peter the Hermit attempted to convert Kerbogha to Christianity. However, Cutler’s states that scholars have questioned, “whether we can know anything at all about what went on between Peter and Kerbogha.” The author attempts to prove that conversion was a primary topic during Peter the Hermit’s embassy with Kerbogha. He cites four early primary sourced documents. Regrettably, there is nothing to support Cutler’s premise that the First Crusade was not only a mission of war, but also one of religious conversion. Cutler determined that “it will not be possible…to reconstruct what really happened
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Cutler cites author R. I. Burns Speculum XXXV, 338, n. 5 as a primary source document in which Urban II encouraged Archbishop Bernard of Sahagun, to “labor zealously to convert Muslims to the Christian faith.” Nevertheless, in an effort to tie Pope Urban’s speech at the Council of Clermont (1095) the author stated that out of five accountings of the speech three of the five hinted towards Urban’s desire for conversion. Here again, Cutler is unable to provide support for his thesis. He cites a correspondence-dated 1088 between Pope Urban and the Archbishop of Toledo, but Cutler does not provide any specific details about the communication in regards to conversion of
When it comes to the topic of Crusades in Rodney Stark’s book, God’s Battalions: The Case for the Crusades, it is important to understand the historical thinking Stark undergoes to compose a thesis for his book. Stark’s historical thinking is comprised of multiple shadowing factors of distress during the Crusades, alongside his perceptions as a historical text interpreter and author. The text of God’s Battalions: The Case for the Crusades is centered around Stark’s person beliefs that the Crusades was centered around the Muslim terror and aggression (Stark, 8). It is important to understand Stark’s descriptions and belief of why the Crusades started. Rodney Stark composes a personal and historical thesis about the the Crusades with a centralized
Allen Cutler’s journal article delves in to the concept of military conflict and conversion to Christianity during the First Crusade. The author states that it was the intent of Pope Urban II who inherited his interest in crusading against Muslims from Pope Gregory VII, to Christianize Muslims, by words and example. There have been those who have argued Urban II had no interest in conversion, but Allen, counters their assumptions by presenting three document sources that imply that during Urban’s speech at Clermont he broached the subject of conversion, by referring to the Turks as “a race utterly alienated from God.” Allen surmises that Urban the implication is they were not “converted to Christianity” and therefore conversion was foremost on Pope Urban’s mind. The Pope also wanted to reinstall papal
According to (document E) Life in the Middle Ages “ Was insecure, violence was everywhere and poverty was widespread.” The troubling experiences were so overwhelming that the Holy Roman Empire felt that it was necessary the Crusades. By promoting the crusades people would be able to focus their violence and energy to a greater cause. In addition, the
The crusades impacted the way we live today in many ways. In the outcome, there were both positives and negatives associated with the crusades. It was violent, deceased many, and turned cities into ruins but it also was a job opportunity for merchants and brought many new luxuries to certain places. Some motivation for people to fight in the crusades were different than its organizers. The original reason many wanted to come fight in the crusades is that it would relieve them of all of their sins.
The crusades were a series of eight holy wars fought by the Christian crusaders and the Muslim Turks. They began as a way to gain control of the sacred places that were important to each religious group, most notably the Holy City of Jerusalem. The Third Crusade was a three year long war between the Christians and Muslims under very prominent rulers like Richard the Lionheart and Saladin. It was arguably one of the more successful crusades, even though the main goal was not achieved. Even though the Holy City of Jerusalem was not taken back from the Muslims, the Third Crusade was successful to an extent because of the battles won, the strong leaders involved, and the outcomes of the various treaties as signed by the Christians and Muslim leaders
The First Crusade was the initial crusade to make an effort to retake the Holy Land. " The Cumans, like all barbarians, being fickle and inconsistent by nature, were persuaded by his arguments and reached Adrianopolis,"
It is also clear that the Crusades played a pivotal role in intensifying this sentiment. However, due to contributing factors, we can conclude that the Crusades were not a direct cause for the increase of anti-Semetisim during the eleventh and twelfth
He knew how to persuade people, so that they believed that he was right. That is why morale was a strong weapon of Christians, which was very useful to achieve their goal. Interestingly some historians like John Ward said that the First Crusade and following campaigns is a “movement of violent white supremacist colonialism”. According to this view, Christians look as expansionist aggressors, while Muslims are victims. But there are also opposite views, which state that movement to Holy lands is a defensive action to protect Christians from irreligious
Pope Urban II’s speech at Clermont in 1095 was a call to crusade given outdoors to the nobles, commoners and church leaders of the Western European Christians (the Franks). The people were moved by this speech and it changed history, launching the first crusade to capture Jerusalem from the Muslim Turks. After hearing Pope Urban II’s speech, thousands of Western European Christians were moved to embark on the dangerous journey and fight in the crusade. I believe the main reasons they were moved and persuaded to fight was; 1) they felt it was their Christian duty, 2) Pope Urban promised them absolution for their sins and 3) they felt compelled to defend Christianity, their holy land and the Eastern Christians.
Ibn al-Athir described the First Crusade as violent and terrible, because the Christians killed lot of people while they also robbed a lot of valuables from the Muslims. The primary purpose of the Crusades of the Christians was to get rid of non-Christians, non-Christian
8.2.1- In 1097 an estimated 100,000 men enlisted in the first crusade, due to the fact that the pope promised salvation from purgatory if they joined the pilgrimage to Jerusalem to liberate the Holy Land. Peter the Hermit left, to the Holy Land, with 30,000 peasants, they terrorized Jews in Germany, and Christians in Bulgaria, when they got to Constantinople they were transported to Bosphorus and the Seljuk Turks defeated them, and the living were sold into slavery. After a five-week siege Jerusalem fell on July 15, 1099, the first crusade was a success, and because most crusaders were younger sons of nobles (Oldest gets the kingdom), they made four Crusader states based on the French Feudal model: the Country of Edessa, the Principality of Antioch, the Country of Tripoli, and the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. 8.2.2-
To what extent was the First Crusade a catalyst for future Crusades? Preparations for the First Crusade was initiated by Pope Urban II in 1095. He gave a rousing speech to the people of Clermont calling the Christian arms to aid the Byzantine Christians in retaking the “holy land”. The Holy land was an area between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea, it was the shared holy land of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The famous Siege of Jerusalem was next on the crusaders agenda however Baldwin of Boulogne had other ideas, he left the crusaders and made “a naked claim to the land along the route” (Gregory, 2010, p. 327)
A lot of crusaders didn 't even return home, one out of twenty crusaders returned. These are many things that happened in the crusades.
The Crusades were successful failures because they did not meet many of their goals, but left lasting effects. The Crusades was an attempt by the Roman Catholic Church to regain the Holy Lands from the Muslims. They believed they were fighting for god and all sins would be forgiven and defend the Byzantine Empire from the Turks. The first Crusade (1096 -1099) was successful for the Christians because they had a clear and organized religious based purpose. Crusaders the Christian armies were able to hold Jerusalem and in the process led to a massacre of Jews.
In spite of that time-frame, the relations between the Middle-Age Empires and the Roman Catholic Church prior to the