Case Six outlines a physician who has encountered a moral dilemma. A seventeen-year-old girl is pregnant – estimated to be eleven or twelve weeks along – and wishes to keep the baby. She has not told her mother, as she fears she will be pressured into a getting an abortion, and has asked the physician to keep the secret. The physician agrees to not disclose the pregnancy to the patient’s mother until all three parties can discuss the matter in person the following week. Not long after the appointment, the patient’s mother calls the physician’s office, demanding to know why her daughter had been there. The physician is then faced with a choice: they can either go against her promise to the patient – who is legally a minor – and disclose the pregnancy to the mother, or keep the secret and deny the mother’s …show more content…
This applies both to the Hippocratic oath, which will be discussed in more detail below, and the promise identified in Case Six. The physician has previously entered into a promise with the patient to keep the pregnancy a secret. It is up to the physician to decide whether the prima facie of keeping a promise weights out the repercussions of withholding information from the patient’s mother. It could also be argued that, in some legal instances, since the patient is a minor, the physician has a fidelity prima facie to the mother. A morally dubious situation would occur in an instance where the physician chooses to override fidelity. In telling the mother about the pregnancy, the physician may subject the patient to the pressure that the patient feared enough to keep her pregnancy confidential in the first place. Contrarily, informing the mother of the pregnancy may be seen as the responsible thing to do as one could argue that a seventeen year old has not yet developed the level of reason required to make life-altering
In 2002, Montgomery told her friends and family that she was pregnant again. Although she said that she was receiving prenatal care from her physician, she would not allow Kevin to attend the appointments. Her physician told me that he had treated Montgomery for ankle pain and a cold, but he did not provide her any prenatal care, despite Montgomery’s claims to the contrary. When the due date passed, Montgomery told Kevin that the baby had died and that she had donated its body to science. But, Montgomery claimed in spring 2004 that she was pregnant and that she was due in December.
“Benevolent deception” is a typical practice where doctors purposely mask important information from their patients for the patients’ own benefit. Doctors will restrain information because “they believed it was best not to confuse or upset patients with frightening terms they might not understand, like cancer” (Skloot, 2010, 2011, p. 63). In The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, doctors withheld crucial information from Henrietta, and overall left her in the unknown. Lacks had to frequently make trips to John Hopkins because of her constant discomforts and pains, and she had no clue what was causing it.
The topic and history of medical ethics has consistently been a strongly debated issue. With numerous case-specific situations concerning as well as qualifying the matter, perhaps one of the most influential and debatable stories may be that of Henrietta Lacks. With non consensual tissue samples taken, unauthorized distribution of her cells, and seemingly careless radiation treatment for cervical cancer, it might be fair to adjudicate that the lack of ethical practice was apparent and almost even fatal. In the case study of Sofia (“Ethics in The Medical Field:
munity; if she could be a witch, then anyone could. Magistrates even questioned Sarah Good's 4-year-old daughter, Dorothy, and her timid answers were construed as a confession. The questioning got more serious in April when Deputy Governor Thomas Danforth and his assistants attended the hearings. Dozens of people from Salem and other Massachusetts villages were brought in for questioning.
This stain in the American justice system is clearly stated within the case of Candace Newmaker. Doctors can violate the rights of patients in many ways and their penalties are less severe than that happens to a regular murder case. Doctors have violated patient’s rights in many ways and have gotten away with this unlawful act. In the case of Candace Newmaker,
Pregnant minors are often in poor situations, going to extreme measures to terminate the pregnancy and keeping it hidden from their guardians. This often causes more harm. Also, women are informed of the procedure and are required to complete the 24 hour waiting period. This makes many feel self-conscious or guilty, turning them away from having an abortion. All of the information must be reported to the state, as well.
Section 2919.201 does not allow for a general exception to a woman’s health. However, when a woman’s life without an abortion “would result in the pregnant woman’s death or a substantial and irreversible impairment of a major bodily function”, an abortion may be performed (SB 127, Section 2919.201 (B)(2), (D)(2)). However, first the physician must obtain a certification from a second physician in writing before performing said abortion (SB 127, Section 2919.201 (D)(2)). Arguably, if a woman’s health is in grave danger, often times, a doctor must make a reasonable and rational decision on his or her own. Gathering the agreement in writing by a second physician may waste valuable time for the woman, further putting her health in
Summary While anti-abortion legislatures have been passing ‘Women’s Right to Know’ policies for over two decades, a more recent trend has been to add a mandatory viewing of an ultrasound to the state-mandated informed consent procedure. Whereas abortion advocates argue that these laws are unethical and may cause psychological harm to a woman seeking an abortion, the anti-abortion activists stand behind these policies saying that viewing an ultrasound promotes a bond between mother and child and helps the woman to make a more informed decision. Evidence demonstrates that ultrasound viewing does not deter a woman from having an abortion, but may illicit a range of emotional responses, including some negative feelings.
“Three interrelated elements underlie the long-standing tradition of informed consent: Patients must possess the capacity to make decisions about their care; their participation in these decisions must be voluntary; and they must be provided adequate and appropriate information”. The use of ultrasound to provide fetal images was first published in 1958. Ultrasound has continually become more common, with up to 99% of women receiving at least one scan during their pregnancy. Currently, three states require that all women seeking an abortion undergo an ultrasound, and that they are given a choice to view the image. Two other states require this at the start of the second trimester.
As humans, we are given different rights that are meant to provide us with a chance at a good life. However, these rights can become compromised when it comes to conflicts between a pregnant woman and her fetus. The right of the fetus to live is seen as inferior to the right of the mother to have an abortion. Although each of the rights is different, it is not appropriate to say that one citizen’s rights are more superior than another citizen’s rights.
Sissela Bok explores the moral and ethical complexities of lying and deception in her book, Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life. One of the scenarios she considers is the normalization of lying and deception in medical contexts, such as in patient-doctor communication. Bok gives an example scenario of a patient who has just been diagnosed with cancer and has no other treatment options. The physician faces a difficult decision: whether to inform the patient of their diagnosis and the low chance of success with chemotherapy or to lie about the possibility of treatment. The physician chooses to tell the patient their cancer diagnosis but does not inform them of chemotherapy.
If we as nurses respect the confidentiality of a patient, we should do so for all the patients. However, Griffith (2007) argues that the duty of confidence should not be absolute and nurses should always consider sharing information if required. Though the principle of respecting patient autonomy and their right to confidentiality is broken here, the principle of beneficence and non-maleficence is uphold. Nurses have an obligation to protect patient’s confidentiality but the duty to warn an innocent party of imminent harm is far more critical. Therefore, breaking confidentiality here is potentially doing more good than
Each person has a right to control what happens to their body, including being a donor. At a certain age, children are included in the conversation of the child becoming a donor. If Mary and Abe’s potential child was born and a bone marrow match for Anissa, the doctors would inject needles, cause pain, and extract the bone marrow. Bone marrow donations are considered very invasive and should potentially require consent. However, a baby is unable to give consent, and therefore, the parents act as the intermediate to the doctors and give consent for the donation.
Truth telling and confidentiality depend upon the situations. It is right to tell the truth in certain but it is also right to hide something from the patients in certain situations. According to utilitarianism one should usually tell the truth and keep one’s promise because you should always perform an action that provides maximum utility and if keeping a promise and telling the truth makes someone happy then it is providing maximum utility.
For example, finds out whether continuing or terminating a pregnancy cause greater physical or psychological harms and risks to the mother. On the other hand, Bonevski & Adams (2001) further added that abortion may expose the mother to grief and regret. As such, it is important to gain mother’s consent before making the decision. Apart from that, in resolving slightly similar case study of 18 years old student was referred in view of her request for termination of pregnancy. She was gang-raped and found out she is pregnant.