Can we achieve an objective understanding of reality? Is there a single truth or a universal morality? These are question essential to the the thesis of many philosophers. Humans are naturally curious creatures who are irritated by not understanding something. Many people turn to religion for an explanation of the unknown or the unexplained; others turn to their own intellect. Thousands of philosophers have dedicated their lives to try and find truth. Some believe they have succeeded while others died still searching. The concept of morality has also been debated for centuries. Agreed upon ideas of what is right and what is wrong are crucial components of any functional society. Below, Friedrich Nietzsche, german philosopher and author of Beyond Good and Evil will offer his opinion on these topics along with Niccolo Machiavelli; famed politician and philosopher well known for his book The Prince.
Machiavelli:
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The church also continues to foster and impose bias and dogmatism in it’s followers. How dare the church destroy all powerful traits and replace them with humility, modesty, and abstinence. In the search for the ever escaping truth we must move forward. We must escape all our biases and dogmatisms, clear our minds of our own opinions. Philosopher’s must understand this concept and embrace it or else philosophy as a trade will go nowhere. I have hopes that someday there will be a man who understands this, however at this rate it is unlikely that such individual will ever exist. A powerful, determined individual who understands and nurtures their own will to power while also seeking an unbiased
The second question, how do we know what is right and wrong? Right and wrong must be based on some principle, theory or opinion. Seeing none of those thing are, how can one determine whether
The definition of moral is this: “Concerned with the principles of right and wrong behavior and the goodness or badness of human character.” But, what is right, and what is wrong? Is there a straightforward, universal answer to that? The play Antigone addresses this. The two main characters are both acting upon what they see as morally just and right.
Machiavelli’s thinking troubled a tremendous amount of people and his challenge to the status quo was interpreted as evil. It was interpreted as evil because it was different from the status
We find traces of his philosophy in modern politics by how people running for seats of power make many promises in their campaign and once the people elect them, they may fall short in accomplishing their promises. Where Machiavelli mentioned using cruelty, one can say this applied to the rise of Hitler’s reign by how he punished the Jew’s and other minorities all the while maintaining a merciful appearance for those who supported
In Machiavelli’s book, The Prince, he maintains a harsh perspective on reality. His advice on how to maintain power leaves no room for compassion or generousity. While some may believe that these are qualities of a good person, Machiavelli believes these qualities lead to the downfall of rulers. He acknowledges that, in reality, it is impossible for someone to have qualities of a good person and simultaneously a good ruler. Machiavelli’s realistic outlook causes him to emphasize that it is better to maintain power through fear, rather than compassion.
Fredrick Nietzsche was a late nineteenth century German philosopher. Nietzsche’s philosophy claimed that a small portion of humans exist who are more advanced than all others are called Uberman, and in order to advance the human population into a superior state of thinking and physical achievements, all resources must go to the Uberman. Nietzsche argued that human advancement was stagnant and for humans to becoming a more advanced race, these Uberman must repopulate and not the average person. With the aim of human progression in mind, Nietzsche proposed that humanity needs to find every Uberman and devote all resources towards them with little contribution towards the betterment of average person. An Uberman is a human that is far more capable
His mindset was simple. to manifest dismay and use the overwhelming power as a dictator. His intentions are clear, and his words are powerful. With a combination of rhetorical devices, a symphony of teachings are made and preached. Machiavelli is a strong advocate to use fear to herd together the common man, he begins his argument by asking a simple question, “ Here the question… safer than to be loved”.
I am firmly opposed to the manipulation of one’s subjects for the better of the ruler. Machiavelli’s concept for a prince’s soldiers is a malicious brainwash. A feared ruler will only induce despise from his people. I regard Machiavelli’s justification for a prince containing aspects of evil to be a unethical form of governing a society. His depiction of a feared ruler disregards the prosperity of his people and does not account for their pursuit of happiness.
One aspect of Machiavelli’s theory which significantly contributes to his reputation as the “philosopher of evil,” is his advice to the prince on keeping their word to the public. In chapter eighteen, Machiavelli states, “a wise ruler cannot, and should not, keep his word when doing so is to his disadvantage, and when the reasons that led him to promise to do so no longer apply” (pg. 37). To simplify, Machiavelli says princes are obligated to lie in certain circumstances. He also states that while it is unnecessary for the prince to have positive qualities, such as honesty, trustworthiness, sympathy, compassion, or be religious, it is essential for the prince to be viewed so by the public (pg. 37). While many people argue that Machiavelli’s legitimization of lying and deception in politics is immoral, I argue the opposite.
In the book “Beyond Good and Evil” Nietzsche mentions that true philosophers are the “bad conscience of their age”, by this he means that philosophers are called to a task to show their inequality of time. The task he tries to show what philosophers are, is the task of enhancing a society that deals with time. Nietzsche mentions in section 212 of the book “So far all these extraordinary patrons of humanity who are called philosophers have found their task, their harsh, unwanted, undeniable task lay in being the bad conscience of their age.” (Nietzsche,106). What Nietzsche is trying to say in this quote is that philosophers find their tasks by looking back at the morals they have used in their past to predict their future.
Some of the lessons to rulers found in “The Prince” most famously, the shield of heartlessness towards subjects has led to the judgement that Machiavelli book is evil or not moral. Moreover, the direct split of politics from ethics and attitude seems to pinpoint that there is no role for any kind of charity in Machiavelli’s state. However, Machiavelli’s never promotes heartlessness or other vices for their own well being. He promotes them only in the interests of protecting the state, which, in Machiavelli’s aspect, is a type of ultimate good in its very own right.
“In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, Amen.” I said as i dutifully made the sign of the cross and picked up my book of hymns. As the organist began playing, I stared at the large golden cross that hung above the altar, its metallic sheen contrasting with the deep green marble. I was baptized as a Catholic, attended a Catholic elementary school and high school, and attended church every Sunday with my family. I made my first reconciliation and received a small silver cross necklace with a tiny peridot in the center.
Socrates makes the claim that “no harm can befall a good person in this life or the next” (Socrates). When he makes this claim he further explains that bad things cannot happen to good people. If he is a good person in life, then he will go to Heaven and will be at a certain gain in the afterlife. If he has faith in the gods, then no harm will come to him. The readings, “Beyond Good and Evil” and “The Birth of Tragedy” are written by Friedrich Nietzsche, and have diverse way of speaking of God then Blaise Pascal does in his works of Pensees.
3. What does Philosophy say about morality? 4. Are they alike? Introduction Morality has long been used by human being as a basis for their actions.
“What is good? All that heightens the feeling of power, the will to power, power itself in man". According to Nietzsche, moral systems are attempts of inadequate individuals in our society trying to keep strong individuals from exercising their creativity and passion. Every human being strives to become a master over all that one can accomplish. To do so they must utilize “the will to power”.