Personal Benefits of Othering
Othering is often defined as treating a person or group unkind or differently than others. In many texts, othering has a deeper layer in which the offending individual is trying to make themself look superior through the act of othering. The individual manages to do this by outcasting or lying about a person or group that will then benefit themself. In the texts “Othello”, by William Shakespeare, Night by Elie Wiesel, and “The Dinner Party” by Mona Gardner, the act of othering by individuals is used to put other individuals down for their own benefit.
In the play, “Othello”, a lot of the othering that Iago inflicts on Othello is due to revenge. Iago uses othering for his own personal vendetta against Othello.
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Ellie Wiesel manages to portray the act of othering by telling his own story regarding being placed in a concentration camp. Throughout the novel Elie is constantly being belittled by the people around him for his race. There are many circumstances where Wiesel is being othered either by soldiers or just civilians. A civilian encounter where Elie was treated as less than is when people on the street begin to toss bread at their cattle car and laughing as the Jews are “hurling themselves against each other, trampling, tearing at and mauling each other”(Wiesel 101) for the pieces of bread. This is a basic example of using these peoples suffering for their own benefit or use, these people who are fighting for their lives became an entertaining show. Many people would see Jewish people as less than everyone else because they are not “Aryan”, the superior race. This inclined people to hurt or injure them because they believe they were less than human. An example of this is when Idek “began beating [Shlomo] with an iron bar.”(Wiesel 54) “Aryan” is a concept used to belittle Jewish people and make “Aryan” feel and be treated superior. The novel, Night, is strongly based upon othering that specifically benefits the other
In addition, through this memoir, Wiesel also provided us a true definition of what dehumanisation when Elie got separated from his family. Wiesel portrays the emotion that Elie was having when he and his father was separated from his mother "Yet that was the moment when I parted from my mother." Through the expression that Wiesel describe Elie we can see how cruelty and dehumanisation were the Germans to the Jewish people. They were making all the Jewish separated to many sections in the camp "Men to the left, women to the right." Wiesel also provided us the information that anything can happen in the camp to the Jewish people.
Throughout this Essay I am going to focus on Dehumanization. To specify throughout the book the Jews are slowly dehumanized and seen as less than human. I believe Elie Wiesel uses the technique of dehumanization to effectively convey his message of the horrors of the Holocaust and the human capacity for evil. In the beginning of the book Night, the Jews were having a week of Passover, in Elies community they sang, ate and drank.
On the other hand, Elie also experiences kindness. On page 53, Wiesel says " I felt a cool hand wiping the blood from my forehead. I was the French girl. She was smiling her mournful smile as she slipped me a crust of bread" (Wiesel 53). Elie Experiences kindness when the girl comforts him after getting beaten by Idek.
The Nazis started treating Jewish people worse than animals. Elie’s family was ultimately removed from their home forever and placed in a ghetto. They had to give up their prized possessions in order to avoid the Nazis. Worst of all, they lost their freedom. Eventually, they were transported by train to a concentration camp having no idea what was in store for them.
The way the Germans are treating Elie makes him believe that God is no longer by his side and that faith is no longer helping him. Once more, Wiesel expresses how the Germans are dehumanizing the Jews is by stating, “I knew that I was no longer arguing with him but death itself, with death that he had already chosen”(105). The concentration camps have made Elie believe that death is undeniable and that he no longer can fight to stay alive.
The events and experiences Wiesel describes in his novel can be deemed extremely credible due to the fact that he experienced them first hand. Specifically, Elie recalls a time during a transfer to a new camp, describing the detainees as animals in a cage fighting over scraps, entertaining the German workers who enjoyed the phenomenon, watching them kill each other one by one over a single crust of bread. In the novel, Elie recalls that “Men were hurling themselves against each other, trampling, tearing at and mauling each other. Beasts of prey unleashed, animal hate in their eyes'' (Wiesel 101). This analogy compares the men to violent animals, ready to kill and rip each other apart for scraps, often dying shortly after receiving their share of crusts.
Elie Wiesel, a young and naive Jewish boy in the novel Night, is unfortunately entangled in the dark, inhumane atrocities of the Holocaust during the period of World War II, losing his family in the process. To his demise, he turns the last of his hope to God in search of any sign of progress in the favor of the Jewish prisoners, gaining nothing in return for his once undying fidelity. Throughout his experience in various camps, Elie encounters both individuals akin to himself and those with vastly different perceptions of society. Due to these clashing ideologies, his mindset began to diverge in two: questioning higher powers and self-preservation. His people were in a forced regression of dehumanization as the Nazi Germans enact a policy
And through Elie’s story you can begin to see the treatment of those considered lesser, like how sick and old people would instantly be sent off to be killed instantly, and children and babies would not be spared this treatment as the Nazi party would regularly massacare and kill them as according to them they wouldnt be of much use. The story countines and It would countine to show the prejudice behavior the Jewish people would have to endure. But in the end of the story Elie is liberated from the camp but not without the trauma of what he had to endure and then the grief of his father, mother, and sister all passing
During the Holocaust, Elie forcefully experienced famine, risk of death, and fear. The Nazis dehumanize the Jews with various attempts to rob their opinions, identity, and freedom. In the autobiographical memoir Night, Elie Wiesel explains how the Nazis dehumanize the
While he knows that his actions are immoral, he embraces it fully by calling for evil forces to help in his plans to destroy Othello’s life. This imagery shows Iago’s true nature to the audience, one that wishes for the corruption of people’s lives and actively acting it out. Moreover, Iago refers to himself as a devil in a soliloquy after Cassio drunkenly --------, saying "When devils will the blackest sins put on, / They do suggest at first with heavenly shows, / As I do now" (2.3.351-353). He reveals his intentions to harm Othello to the audience, showing that he does not have empathy for Othello or those his actions would affect, showing his ------------------------------------------------------------------------.
It was slowly developed throughout the story that Elie and many others were being dehumanized which Elie explains through literary devices and character actions. Wiesel first brings up the theme of Inhumanity by using literary devices, he compares his experiences to show how they were not seen as human anymore. Wiesel explains how the soldiers say “‘You… you… you… ‘ They pointed their fingers, the way one might choose cattle, or merchandise” (Wiesel 49). Wiesel uses a metaphor to compare the way the soldiers are sorting through the Jews to picking cattle or going shopping.
Throughout Night, Elie Wiesel demonstrates the indifference and lack of empathy created by extreme conditions. Wiesel develops this theme as early as in chapter two when Elie is packed into the back of a cattle car and is being transported to Auschwitz. With everyone's nerves at their breaking point, when Mrs. Schächter began having a mental breakdown, they resorted to violence, and “when they actually struck her, people shouted their approval”(26). The stress and distress caused by being trapped in the cattle car brought a tight knit, religious community to beating an older woman. This loss of empathy even impacts familial bonds, this is illustrated vividly during the death march, Rabbi Elihau’s son abandoned him.
Iago also manipulates Othello with jealousy. When Othello is gone at war, Iago tells him that Cassio and Desdemona were getting too close. At first Othello does not believe him, but by Iago saying “nothing,my lord; or if- I know not what” Othello starts to question if it is true (III. III. 39). Iago constantly uses his “innocence” to make Othello jealous and start to assume that it is true. These actions eventually lead to a tragic event.
Shakespeare’s “Othello” is named after the main character, Othello, the moor of Venice, who was a general of the Venetian army. Othello would have remained the innocent, noble man if Iago would have not interfered. Iago hates Othello because he promotes Cassio as a lieutenant instead of him. Another reason Iago mentions in his asides, is the rumors spread that Othello did sleep with his wife Emila. Even though Iago was not sure whether his wife was unfaithful to him or not, the doubt alone was sufficient for him to plan the revenge.
In line 2 Iago states, “I follow him [Othello] to serve my turn upon him […]” From this segment, Iago’s intentions become clear in that he wants to payback Othello, and will plan to plot against him which becomes all to successful as seen later in the play. This revenge that Iago wishes to afflict Othello with is backed by his ambitious nature which is seen in lines 3-16 in which he states that if one is not aggressive and is to kind they will get nothing out of it and will remain “ when he’s old, cashier’d.” It is this very ambition which drives him to progress his scheming and take revenge upon Othello. This scheming done by Iago is seen in the very last line of the monologue when he states, “I am not what I am” meaning that he pretends to be a friend to Othello but is actually conniving against him and planning his down