Chapter Five I used to love eating seafood when I was around the age years of three through six, especially crabs. However, as I grew up, I began to hate it because I started to recognize the repulsive smell of seafood (including crabs). The smell of seafood is just so disgusting that it makes me want to vomit. Nonetheless, how does this correlate to classical conditioning and what is classical conditioning? According to Rathus (2015) classical conditioning is basically learning to identify occurrences or events with other events (p. 125). My aversion with seafood and classical conditioning is associated with the smell of seafood. When the aroma of seafood is around, I will immediately breathe out of my mouth, or flee to another space.
Chapter Six
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Referring back to prompt chapter four, I talked about the unconscious, past experiences, and memories. When it comes to memories, I believe that we as humans would remember them for reasons; happiness, traumatic, sadness, or simply because we have to. Repressed memories is easily defined as memories that have been locked or put away. Now, how does one know if those repressed memories are negative or positive memories? I personally think that it could be both depending on the scenarios and circumstances; thus I have theorized some scenarios. For example, an adult who was abused as a child would want to forget about it and repress it. That would be a negative memory. As for positive, if a man who has grown up a normal person and have had a decent life, he would be satisfied. However, what if his family all dies in car accident? He decides repress by all good and bad memories because he simply does not want to remember any of it because it will bring him emotional pain. In conclusion, I believe that memories in general are real, and theorized about negative and positive
This would seem to suggests that the courts would throw out all memories discovered after a certain length of time. However, according to Johnson, “Courts tend to be all over the map” on this issue (par.5). According to Johnson some courts will extend the statute of limitation on some child abuse cases. The reason: there is a high chance that repressed memories will be fully remembered later in life (par. 6) However, some courts will completely reject all memories after a certain length of time as there is a high chance these memories will be false (par 6).
1.Classical conditioning is a learning process first discovered by the Russian physiologist Ivan Petrovich Pavlov in the early 1900s. The theory of Classical Conditioning deals with the learning process leading us to gain a new behavior via the process of association. Internal mental thoughts and brain mechanisms play a huge role in associative learning. Classical Conditioning works by pairing involuntary response with stimulus. After which, unconditioned response becomes conditioned response.
Two groups of recovered memories Research showed that there are two types of recovered memory experiences (Shobe & Schooler, 2001). In the recovered in therapy type, the memories of abuse are recovered gradually, mostly in a therapeutic context. For instance, consider a case study of Ten Broeke & Merckelbach (1996) in which a woman named Ellen went to a hypnotherapist for having sleeping- and anxiety problems. After three 2-hour sessions with this hypnotherapist, Ellen recollected a memory about her father. She remembered laying on her bed with her father bending over her.
The usual events that produced repression of experienced trauma including torture, threat of severe personal harm, interference with the most fundamental biological needs and sexual abuse. Repressed memory of the individual usually not accessible to consciousness although the person had been questioned and provided with simulation of pictures, sounds or written documents of the repressed events. This situation clarified the nature of repressed memories. Repression is a consequence of dissociation during traumatic event and although the victim tried to recall her past, she might remembered the memories incorrectly as repression of memories is not caused by dissociation form the painful information during the attempted recall. For instance, individual who experienced childhood sexual abuse could not able to recall her past, to be exact the situation when the abuse happened until she found the “access code” to the memories.
Throughout this entire week, I have come to learn that memories are reconstructed when we remember them; however, this doesn’t make them fake, they are indeed real in my opinion. This is also my opinion on repressed memories. Repressed memories are real. Therapies in which therapist continue to suggest there’s “something else” (Loftus) are the reason why people doubt the authenticity of repressed memories. In the video False Memories, the study showing how subjectable people are to formulating false memories is astonishing and it proves just how easy it is to create fake memories.
Memories are the faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information. Memories help shape and fold the way we live and experience certain things that occur in our lives. I believe that memories help people in their efforts to las from the past and succeed in the present. Memories occur from experiences in your life and things you’ve done. This is beneficial because it could help you to better judge a future scenario and make better decisions in the future.
Retrograde Amnesia Retrograde amnesia is when you lose all memories from the recent past ( for example you get some sort of brain damage which then leads to the retrograde amnesia and you lose all memories from the past 2-5 years, maybe even less than 2 years and more than 5 ) . You can get retrograde amnesia from brain injuries traumatic events- (posttraumatic amnesia), surgeries, and/or electroconvulsive therapy - ( fact- some people purposely get electroconvulsive therapy to get amnesia, but it is most likely to trigger a seizure). The retrograde amnesia happens because you lost important brain cells, and once you lost them you can't get them back, so you will have to re-make them by making new memories. Chronic Insomnia Chronic insomnia is when you struggle sleeping, insomnia can last a short time (acute insomnia) and can last a long time (chronic insomnia). The cause of the chronic insomnia in this case is from MDD (major depressive disorder).
As I am sure you know, classical conditioning was first demonstrated by a Russian physiologist named Ivan Pavlov in the 1890s with his experiment involving dogs. According to the Oxford Dictionary, classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired, usually a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone. Following in Pavlov's footsteps behaviorist John B. Watson broadened Pavlov's work and tested his theory on an nine-month old infant he called Little Albert. Watson wanted to bring psychology back to a focus on scientific inquiry. He felt it necessary to focus only on observable behavior.
Nevertheless, Skinner points out that children learn nothing from the punishment. Instead, they may start to work out how to avoid it (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Another concept is classical conditioning (classical behaviorism) that emphasizes on the relation between stimuli and response. This concept embodies in a famous experiment, in which the food is presented to the dog when the bell rings, and the bell becomes a conditioned stimulus for the dog (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Likewise, if children receive toys in the condition that they behave well, then they will probably repeat this behavior to get the toys.
Repressed memories are memories a person subconsciously forgets but later remembers. These are typically memories one wants to forget, most commonly, childhood abuse. Many times what they are remembered is at a time when they likely did not fully understand what was going on. Many of the stories of abuse happen when the child is under the age of about 8 and they don’t know what is truly happening and that it is wrong.
False memory syndrome (FMS) is hypothesized to be correlated with poor experiences regarding mental therapy or treatment and social pressures which can contaminate memories while in REM-sleep. Common social pressures include: body image, tradition, religion, and marriage; the Influences listed may be capable of distorting memories into any direction whether it be a memory of abuse or non-abuse. Knowing the malleability of memory is key to understanding how to shape FMS memories. The alteration of FMS memories can be a vital asset when aiding psychotherapy patients in recovery from traumatic events. Sleep deprivation has a correlation to weakened memory consolidation.
INTRODUCTION Have you ever thought on how people explain about behaviour? How do we know when learning process has occurred? Learning is permanent change that happened in the way of your behaviour acts, arises from experience one’s had gone through. This kind of learning and experience are beneficial for us to adapt with new environment or surrounding (Surbhi, 2018). The most simple form of learning is conditioning which is divided into two categories which are operant conditioning and classical conditioning.
Looking on the Internet I came upon article that put a whole new light regarding repressed memories. Scholars like Sigmund Freud believed that repress memories have a detrimental effect on individuals’ lives. Sigmund Freud assumption of repressed memories can have a negative influence on behavior and mental health, but this article, from Time Magazine, discusses the benefits of repressed memories (Sifferlin, A, 2014). The article was based off a team effort of the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit and University of Cambridge Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience base out of Cambridge England did a study try to examine how suppression affect a memory’s unconscious influence people.
This school of thought suggests that only observable behaviors should be studied, since internal states such as cognitions, emotions and moods are too subjective. There are two major types of conditioning: 1. Classical conditioning is a technique used in behavioral training in which a naturally occurring stimulus is paired with a response. Next, a previously neutral stimulus is paired with the naturally occurring stimulus.
Memories are a key aspect in life because they affect our behavior, help us recall events that have happened in life, and last help us learn. Furthermore memories are the events we have experienced in life and due to these experiences they take a toll on a person’s behavior. We may perceive a person has negative or pessimistic but without knowing them we can not assume their personality.