The Scientific Method is often used throughout day to day activities and events, this is proves to be no different after reading the article written by Riege & Sigureirsson. After reading the article and applying the Scientific Method Tutorial presented in the required content, I applied what I personally know of the method. A hypothesis is an educated guess and according to the article, the educated guess was a “stress-gradient” one by stating, “Facilitative effects will increase under conditions of abiotic stress and will decrease in a natural succession as stress diminishes over time”. (Riege & Sigurgeirsson, 2009). The investigators wanted to know whether lupine and mulch will grow with different situations. For instance, a plant not in …show more content…
Treatment groups are the opposite of control groups, as its name states, the group that receives the treatment. The treatment groups given in the article are, the seedlings that were moved in the lupine covers. For instance, “lupine cover, depressions in lupine cover, and black plastic mulch in non-lupine cover” (Riege & Sigurgeirsson, 2009). The black plastic mulch, the depression in lupine and the regular lupine were tested and compared to the seedlings without covers to test survival and …show more content…
The investigators made an observation based off survival and growth and then formed a hypothesis. Afterward, the investigators tested the hypothesis with an experiment once data stood collected. The experiment followed the Scientific Method by adding a control group and treatment group. Various variables were accounted and factored in such as, covers and non covers, as well as the stands used to plant the seedlings specific distances apart. The dates on which the seedlings growth was measured was consistent and all groups were tested on the same days. On those days the measurement was taken, each of the three hypothesis were tested and recorded. Unfortunately, a small amount of bias was factored into my opinion of this study, however it was also recorded into the data. There were a few that had a low amount of seedlings and I believe that attributes to lack of growth and survival. Overall, that is not a problem with the general study and experiment conducted.
Lastly, the hypothesis seems to be supported based on the method and the data recorded. The investigators did not seem to factor in the competition of grasses before starting the experiment but it begins to partially support their hypothesis. As stated, “These studies of lupine facilitation of tree seedlings in Iceland partially support the stress-gradient model…facilitation will decrease and competition increase with density of the nurse plants.” (Riege
Marsha McMillen Unit 1 Psychology Discussion If I had to deal with a patient that believed a pseudoscience. I would explain to them that pseudoscience is a non-proven science, that makes claims that make them seem true but they don’t have any proven fact that can back these claims that are being made. It has not been studied in depth such as medical science. I would also tell them that they should consider that science is focused on helping people to acquire a better understanding of the world.
Biome is a large geographical area of distinctive plant and animal groups, which are adapted to that particular environment. In this assay I will focus on the biome called Tundra. Tundra is defined as a treeless area away from the timberline in high-latitude regions, having a permanently frozen subsoil and supporting low-growing vegetation such as lichens, mosses, and shrubs. Tundra is the coldest of all the biomes. Tundra is derived from the Finnish word “tunturia”, meaning treeless plain.
74). These impacts of the (material that improves plants develop) plant's setting and conditions were a principle motivation behind why Jurgis Rudkis needed to assemble the quality to apply there, notwithstanding when his family was in (without expectation/extremely resentful) need of
The Kennesaw State Arboretum is spilt from an upslope and a downslope which was examined to seeing the difference in age and size of the hardwood and pine trees. The variation of age and size can be due to changes in the progressive changes in the tree species over time. This was tested by measuring pine and hardwood trees in 2 different areas of the forest, upslope and downslope, collecting tree data with at least 25cm circumference and 10 ft. tall in 5 different plots of 100 m2. The data describes the hypothesis that if the upslope and downslope parts of the forest differ in age, then the size of the eldest hardwood trees of the upslope and downslope will differ. If the upslope and downslope parts of the forest are different ages, then the forest will differ in proportion of mature hardwood relative to pine.
The process of succession generally starts with the colonization of lichen and other pioneer species on bare rocks. This causes the rocks to break down into soil, where it is replaced by annuals. This is followed by perennial communities, shrubs, shade-intolerant trees, and shade tolerant trees, ending in a stable and complex climax community. In other words, once the pioneer species has set the stage for other lifeforms, it is overtaken by grasses, trees, and shrubs which attracts many species of fauna or leads to the development of new kinds of fauna through
Table 2. The following information in Table 2 describes the conditions found in the Hunts Woods sampling site. The soil horizons observed ranged from O to B. The soils were dark yellowish brown, loamy sand (A), strong brown, silty clay (E), and reddish brown, clay (B). The rooting depth only reached to 25.4cm with the surrounding vegetation of Quercus nigra, Prunus caroliniana, and Carpinus caroliniana. The soil in this area was seemingly more damp than in the Gayla Mize Garden measured previous to this.
The Article “Why Psychology Isn’t Science” dives right into the tension between the scientist and psychologists. The author of this article seems to have a passive aggressive tone when talking about why psychology has no real evidence in its research and especially in its battle to become considered science. He boldly stated it’s not a science and shouldn’t be given the credit that sciences get. He gave the 5 rules of thumb every science goes by which are: clearly defined terminology, quantifiability, highly controlled experimental conditions, reproducibility, predictability and testability.
Invader species refer to any kind of living organisms that are harmful to the ecosystem (SITE). In Washington Marlatt Memorial Park, the invasive species are usually vegetation (exotic or native) that tend to outcompete the native species (Keane, 2015). The exotic invasive species are mostly introduced in a native ecosystem by accident. In this case, the introduction of exotic species does not include the environmental resistance of the species, such as animal consumption (Keane, 2015). Thus, the exotic species are biotic potential which means they have the ability to increase productivity due to the absence of environmental resistance (Keane, 2015).
Introduction: In this task I will be researching the effect that acid rain has on the rate of plant growth. Acid rain is any type of precipitation with a high pH, with high levels of nitric acids. The reason why I had chosen this topic was because acid rain seems to have a great effect on the effect of plant growth, and plants play a very important role in our ecosystem. Acid rain is a major problem in our environment when we are not able to neutralize the acidity.
Psychologists use data to back up their hypotheses and prove a theory right (or wrong). It is important to present these results in a way that others can understand and scrutinize the findings. The data at this stage is called raw data because nothing has been done with it yet. What happens next is that the results are summarised and the findings are interpreted.
PROCCESSING OF FINDINGS The average height of an ostrich fern is between 1 metre and 1.82 metres (Croft)and the heights of all the ostrich ferns were within the same range (shown in figure 1). Results of the height of the ferns after the experiment had been conducted and were then tabulated into the experimental group and controlled group rows. The results also show the height difference each fern underwent from the beginningend of the experiment. Average results were shown for both the controlled and experimental fern groups (shown in figure 2).
The scientific method was able to show the differences of faith and reason by rationalism,along with inductive reasoning, pervasiveness, and how it was able to give people opportunity to experiment with things. The scientific method is a systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence, which consisted of many things including: observation, measurement, and experiment, and the testing of a hypothesis. Two major keys that relate to the scientific method are rationalism and inductive reasoning. Rationalism means ideas/actions that should be based on knowledge and reason instead of faith and belief. This links to the scientific method because it agrees that you need to perform experiments, draw data, and review hypotheses in a way
Scientific method is a tool that scientist use to solve real world problems, or to gain an understanding of a paticular subject and or idea. A testable hypothesis is the start of the whole process, and requires a general question to be made using who, what, when, where, and why to solve it. After the tested hypothesis is complete, we most likely will have data, and we need to organize that data to make it comprehensible. Once the data has been processed, we move to peer review. Each of these is a crucial part of the scientific method, and heres why.
Many of our results support this hypothesis. The data we collected also suggested that tree diameter and tree health are effected by access to water as tress that were located at the perennial site were healthier and generally larger in dimeter. This is likely due to the consistent environed being consistently supplied by water, allowing trees to grow larger healthier and more abundantly. We found more Big Leafe Mistletoe on trees with greater diameter and greater health. This may be due to the fact that larger trees tend to be visited more regularly by birds due to their size as well as that larger trees are generally older increasing the time and chance birds will land on it, thus greater chance distributing more mistletoe seeds.
Trees growing in urban and suburban offer many advantages to the city. However, when a tree or part of a tree breakage, it can cause extensive damage to people or property. As compared to the trees in urban, suburban tree are usually able to withstand the strong wind as compared to the trees planted at urban area. This is because due to the limited and sacred land in the urban, the trees have limited nutrient and root ball diameter to grow. As a result, the root of the trees in urban will not grow as extensively as trees in suburban.