Fiona Young Ha Hoang and Joey Lu 12/11/15 Malik AP Chem 4th Prepare to Dye Introduction Chromatography is the separation of a mixture or substance by putting it in a solute with chromatography paper. Following with this lab, we take 3 colors of food dye (red, yellow, and blue) and test which solvent out of distilled water, acetone, ethanol, and 2-propanal would separate the molecules in the dyes the best. Prelab Part I The water creeps up the paper due to the adhesive and cohesive intermolecular bondings and forces, and also due to capillary action. The cornstarch polymer is bigger in size than the sodium bitartrate and sodium bicarbonate, which have a Na atom. All three structures are polar and have Hydrogen bonding. You could use the …show more content…
The Rf value describes the strength of the intermolecular bonds between the solute and the solvent. If the molecule had a very high affinity for the stationary phase it would make the Rf smaller, because it does not want to travel as far. The more time that it takes to travel, the larger the mobile phase is. The mobile phase describes how fast the molecule travel in chromatography. If you combine a polar solvent with a molecule that has a carbonyl group it would have a high Rf. The Rf would be bigger because there would be a larger intermolecular bonding. Purpose The purpose in this lab is to find out the chemical reactions surrounding a solvent in chromatography paper, and to see which solvent works best to separate the molecules in food …show more content…
The separation of the ink for us was very little because we did not have enough time to let the solvent travel completely. The choice of our solvents could be connected to the separation process by having some solvents been able to better separate a substance than others because they have similar polarity. The molecules interacted with the mobile phase, because they got pulled up the chromatography paper using the solute. . The solvent with the best green chemistry rating is water, because out of all the solvents, water creates the least lasting footprint on Earth and it also just has a simple hydrogen bonding. Water spent the most time in stationary phase because water is polar, and also because polar molecules tend to spend more time on the stationary phase than the less polar molecules. See “Data/Results/Observations” and “Analysis/Conclusion” above. Argumentation and Documentation The intermolecular forces and molecular structure of the molecules being separated determine the ideal solvent to use in chromatographic separation making sure that they each have the same
For this lab, zeolite and magnetized zeolite were synthesized and compared with charcoal to find out with would be the most effective in the sequestering of Procion Red dye. Finding the concentration and absorbance of each zeolite, magnetized zeolite, and charcoal, along with a calibration curve, the best adsorbent is determined. Charcoal was the overall best sequestration of the Procion Red dye, since the adsorbent was highest compared to the others. Introduction Pollution has increased in the environment over the years, so the purpose of this experiment is to find the best adsorbent of chemicals to reduce the pollution.
Method In this experiment, we tested our hypothesis through the use of chromatography paper. Chromatography paper have the ability to separate colored chemicals or substances. We also used 10 grams of grinded coleus leaves and grass leaves, 90% acetone, magnesium sulfate, pencil, ruler, forceps, 1 capillary, 1 jar with lid, and a timer to conduct this experiment. We began this experiment by grinding the 10 grams of coleus leaves and grass leaves in 10mL of 90% acetone.
At each station, there are four graduated cylinders, two of which acted as control groups, and two for the two spritesand muscle milk. You would put drops of the solution, that identifies if a certain macromolecules are present varying on each station, into each of the control groups. The control groups were a substance that contains the macromolecule which is being tested for and a substance that does not. You would then compare the sprite and muscle milk that you added the solution to, after stirring each graduated cylinder, and see which control group it represents most
In order to properly separate the molecules from the spinach extract, throughout the column chromatography, we were required to pay close attention to how the bands were flowing through the column. This entailed monitoring the level of the solvent being used to elute the extract and what type of solvent was being used. Beginning the chromatography, we used hexanes because they were the least polar which extracted the least polar molecule from the extract (carotenes). The carotenes did not want to elute initially, so we barely increased the polarity by adding one drop of acetone to a large portion of hexanes. Once this extract was completed, we switched to using a 75/25 hexanes/acetone solution to elute the next least polar molecule(s) which
Paragraph 1 Compare and contrast the crystal structures and crystal chemistry of quartz, α-FePO4 and β- FePO4. Crystal structure is defined as the orderly arrangement of atoms, ions or molecules in both liquid and solid states. Quartz has a trigonal crystal system and a six-sided prism with six-sided pyramids at each end.
The first part of this lab was to get a chromatography, spinach and a quarter. The next step was to draw a line of the chromatography and rub the spinach leaf on it with the quarter. After this, the next step was to place the chromatography paper inside the tube and allow the solvent to rise to the paper. The final step was to remove the paper and mark the spots where the colors had shown up as they would disappear soon after. By doing this lab, it was possible to see all the different accessory pigments as well as the chlorophyll.
Borrelidin, until recently, has been extracted through common traditional methods. These methods depend on the physicochemical properties of the drug, like size, solubility and polarity. Moreover, full purification using these methods requires multiple steps of separation, concentration and analysis to be achieved. This often yields a low percentage of the drug due to significant loss with other components as well as sample degradation.
DYEING Dyes are coloring materials used in dyeing textiles. Other hand it can be defined as a substance which may be natural or synthetic use to change or add color to the textile materials. They are incorporated into the fiber by chemical reaction, absorption, or dispersion. Dyes differ in their resistance to sunlight, perspiration, washing, gas, alkalizes, and other agents; their affinity for different fibers; their reaction to cleaning agents and methods; and their solubility and method of application.
In this lab, extraction was used as a method for separating a mixture of compounds. Specifically, Benzocaine and Benzoic Acid were individually isolated from a starting mixture which consisted of both components. During this lab, Benzocaine was isolated into crystals, while benzoic acid formed a white powdery solid. This was done by first isolating benzocaine. Once separated, this clear liquid had 6M of sodium hydroxide added to it and was put in an ice bath.
Introduction: The objective of this experiment was to use a spectrophotometer to calculate the absorbance wavelength for the commercial dyes that were given. Light is composed of tiny particles that are called photons, just like matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms. Using the spectrophotometer you can see that different dyes absorb at different wavelengths. With all of the experimentation done the concentration, absorbance and the max wavelengths should be found.
The mobile phase includes the solvent and the stationary phase includes the column in which the solvent is immobilized. The techniques mainly depend on adsorption, partition, ion exchange or molecular exclusion.
Next, I dye the Unknown with Gram’s iodine to create a complex only have on gram positive. The slide is rinsed by water after 30 seconds. Decolorization is the next step of the whole process. I let the alcohol flow on 45-degree angle slide within 15 seconds and wash it with water to remove colors on the surface. Lastly, the unknown is once again dyed with safranin for 1 minute then wash it off with water for the last time and dry it using bibulous paper.
Properties of Ionic and Covalent Substances Lab Report Introduction The purpose of this lab was to determine which of the following substances: wax, sugar, and salt, are an ionic compound and which are a covalent compound. In order to accurately digest the experiments results, research of definitions of each relating led to the following information: ionic compounds are positive and negatively charged ions that experience attraction to each other and pull together in a cluster of ionic bonds; they are the strongest compound, are separated in high temperatures, and can be separated by polar water molecules. A covalent compound forms when two or more nonmetal atoms share valence electrons; covalent compounds are also
Ion Exchange Chromatography is a technique for ionic separation based on exchange with resins in stationary phase and the eluents in mobile phase. These stages are based on the exchanges in an anion column to attract anions or in a cation column to attract cations. cations. A column measures the conductivity of a particular ion based on its affinity/attraction to it. The speed of movement of ions through the ion chromatograph columns depends not only on the diameter of the column but basically on the affinity of the ion to the specific resin or elute selected, the size of the interacting molecules and also the resultant distance between them based on the degree of attraction and repulsion.
Introduction Drug use in sports has always been a controversial issue. With athletes pushing for the top podium position, performance enhancing drugs can be extremely enticing. One of the main types of drugs used by athletes are stimulants such as cocaine, amphetamines or ecstasy. These can create unfair advantages in sports. To keep sports even and fair, certain drugs became prohibited.