INTRODUCTION A number of scholars, social scientists including economists, have battled with explaining the role played by the government or state intervention. State intervention is the bedrock of the country to try to amend and help in the economic activities and society. To help keep prices of goods, rents and wages at an appropriate level without being too expensive or too cheap with the help of parastatals in the country. According to Mostert (1996), state intervention is established through taxes and investments. The state intervention is influenced by the theory of developmental state (Hope & Somolekae, 1998). To give a broader understanding of state intervention this essay will discuss in the context of Botswana the advantages and disadvantages …show more content…
Botswana has promoted rapid economic growth without abandoning democratic norms and practices, its state in the political elite stand has achieved economic growth within the context of democratic rule (Hope & Somolekae, 1998).To achieve the Botswana state objectives Hope and Somolekae explain how a series of laws were enacted to concentrate ‘sufficient power and autonomy’ at the center, in the form of inter alia, the District Council’s Act, Matimela (stray cattle) Act, Chieftainship Act, Mineral Rights Act and others. All these acts were then removed and their powers were vested either with the central government or local government authorities (Hope & Somolekae, 1998). In this process of centralization of political power and decision making Botswana created a reasonably honest and competent bureaucracy, which currently is enjoying their ability to formulate and efficiently execute national development projects well in time (Hope & Somolekae, 1998). This shows how the state abiding by the law and promoting a powerful bureaucracy has helped stimulate the rapid economic growth. To add on Leicht and Jenkins (2009), states that Botswana is amongst the countries that have impressively gained economic growth, and says how this was made possible by the state intervention, as such making the neo-liberal perspective weak on such …show more content…
In addition Bruton, Banerji, and Hill (1996) explains how Botswana has avoided market failure, example in the health sector the government identified equity as the market failure. According to Rabin (2003), market failure examines the operation of the economy and prescribes government intervention when markets “fail” on the grounds of either economic efficiency or equity. The government believed that if health care was left to the market, it would be much better in urban areas than for the rural areas and for very poor Batswana everywhere (Bruton, Banerji, & Hill, 1996). So the government intervened and insisted that basic health care should be available to everyone and that no one should have superior care, at least within the borders of the country (Bruton, Banerji, & Hill, 1996). To continue Bruton, Banerji, and Hill (1996), explain that the state intervention in the market has corrected market failure, which shows how the private sectors being the market would not have been able to meet the health care objectives, the private sectors could not have turned out sufficient nurses without the help of government support. This clearly shows how the state intervention has helped in the social equity of the economy and
Because government officials exploited their positions for financial gain, the economy was inadvertently affected, thus showing there were points where there were governmental influences on the
Block says instrumentalism and relative autonomy would explain the actions of the state during the 2008 Economic crises. Blocks explanation of instrumentalism and relative autonomy hinges on the dynamics of three groups State Officials, the Capitalist Class, and the Working Class. Block states in normal times the states structural interests are centered on business confidence, capital investment, a strong economy, revenue, and public support through social programs all of which equal a strong state. However, during a crisis or extra times the state is interested in expanding their role in state government and exerting relative autonomy as it did during the 2008 economic crises, when the state saved the day, and intervened with bailouts for
She persuades the reader that further government intervention will be negative, through the provision of a hypothetical example that shows this exactly, where imposed price controls harm farmers which in the past advocate for government intervention. Question 2: Why does Krueger assume that individuals within the public sector do not possess a self-interest that aligns themselves with Benthamite’s vision of social justice?
Strong federal government v Strong state government The federalists and Democratic-Republicans are like K-State and KU; they both don’t agree on everything. They were the first political parties. Both the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans didn’t listen to George Washington’s advice and they made separate parties.
The debate over healthcare and health insurance has been disputed over for many years among politicians. The question many of them ask, along with the citizens of America, is simply whether the state or federal government should control health care. While there are pros and cons to both sides, there is a clear answer to this long fought over issue. Health care should be run by states because they manage their health insurance exchanges more efficiently, maintain the cost and quality of health insurance and care, and are constitutionally and lawfully accountable. States should run the health care system because state-run health exchanges are managed more efficiently than federal-run exchanges.
Furthermore, an article written by Robert Rector, Katherine Bradley, and Rachel Sheffield for the Heritage Foundation, states that all means-tested from federal and state sources combined were $956 billion. This $956 billion in annual welfare spending is distributed among as many as 100 million people which average about $9,500 per beneficiary. I am in agreement with the article in Discover the Networks intitled; “The Welfare States’s cost to American Taxpayers” that says, “If converted entirely to cash, these benefits equal more than five times the amount of money needed to lift every poor person in the United States out of poverty” (2012). The Federal Income Tax returns filed in the United States is approximately 143 million.
I discussed how neoliberalism caused a loss of the state revenue, how it weakened the regulation of labor, how it caused the discharging of employees and the decrease in wages. Another of neoliberalism negative effect is the increase of the price food products, oil, and fuel and other essential products. I also discussed peoples’ opinion regarding this issue and explained why I oppose their opinions. I gave evidence why I think my opinion is right. The world started changing when neoliberalism was adopted.
Deterrence and Recidivism Crime prevention is a key aim of the criminal justice system. Offenders are incarcerated in prisons in a expectation that they will feel punished enough to learn from their mistakes and not commit further crimes, this is called deterrence and is a main goal of prisons today (Daly, 2003). Prisons in their current form are often overcrowded, anxiety inducing, restrictive and have been found to exacerbate the mental health of offenders (Matthews, 2016). In saying this, research by Crank and Brezina (2012) suggests that some offenders find prison ‘easier than being on the street’. Crank and Brezina (2012) conducted a study where they surveyed a large group of inmates and questioned them on their views of being incarcerated.
The Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act is a legislation that was created to help young immigrants who came to the U.S. as children, grew up here, and stayed out of trouble, to qualify for legal residential status. This act is only for undocumented children who came here, not for individuals who came here as adults. There are many positive reasons that the DREAM Act would be helpful for immigrants that wish to develop an adult life here in America and should be passed as soon as possible. Although most of the immigrants that were brought here as children had no control over the fact that they were moving to the United States, they still went to public school to receive an education and graduated from high school.
According to President Ronald Reagan, the 40th U.S. President (1981-1989), the gov-ernment should be highly accountable to its citizens, particularly when it comes to the spending of tax dollars. Reagan clearly expresses a critical perspective towards the role of the United States government in that excessive spending has been a significant problem. Reagan upholds a perspective of a classical liberalist in the way he criticizes the nature of the welfare state – one that is flawed when citizens lack incentive to work hard in achieving self-sufficiency and rely heavily on government support. That is, Reagan openly states a concern regarding fiscal and monetary policies where the government is spending possibly more than
Health care payments are the ones that push 100 million people every year to enter into poverty line since they are short of financial protection. Sub Saharan countries in Africa can be considered best examples for these conditions (Anyamele, 2011). Wealth becomes a prominent factor for health as evident from the above example. It is revealed that income and health have a correlation where the changes in one affect the other.
INTRODUCTION An economic system is defined by the various processes of organizing and motivating labour, producing, distributing, and circulating of the resultant of human labour, such as merchandise and services, consumer durables , machines, tools, and other technology used as intake for hereafter production, and the infrastructure within and through which production, apportionment , and circulation occurs. These arrangements are intended by the political, cultural, and environmental conditions which they co-exist together (Gemma; 2014). In a command economic system or planned economy, the federal government controls the economy by deciding how the state would use and distribute resources. The government also regulates prices and wages
1) Government may intervene in a market in order to try and restore economic efficiency. One of the ways the government intervention can help overcome market failure is through the introduction of a price floors and price ceilings. If prices are seen to be too high, price ceiling or a maximum price could be imposed on a market in order to moderate the price of the product. This policy is often used when there are concerns that consumers cannot afford an essential product, such as groceries. The effect of a maximum price could create a shortage as it could lead to demand exceeding supply for that particular good.
Anderson (2003), there are several implications of this concept of public policy. It refers to a purposive course of action undertaken by a government in dealing with certain problems or matters of concern. Firstly, public policies are purposive or goal-oriented actions rather than random behaviours or chance occurrences. Secondly, they can be courses or patterns of measures taken over time by governmental authorities rather than separate and distinct decisions. Thirdly, they are in response to policy demands and involve other actors, such as individuals, groups of citizens, groups of representatives, or legislators and other public officials, in action or inaction on certain public issues.
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BE A MECHANISM FOR EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT. FORTUNATA MULEKUZI REGISTRATION NUMBER: PG201401993 A CONCEPT NOTE SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNIVERSIDADE FERNANDO PESSOA AND OPEN UNIVERSITY OF TANZANIA 2016 Background to the Problem The phenomenon international relations emerged at the beginning of the 20th century largely in the West and in particular in the United States as that country grew in power and influence. Bloomfield et al.