Teleost Fish Case Study
1. Describe and contrast two hypotheses proposed to explain the high diversity of teleost fish in coral reef habitats.
The teleost fish evolved during the Jurassic period more than 150 million years ago which has led to the high diversity of this group. One hypotheses proposed about the high diversity of teleost fish is that there has been extensive gene duplications in the class Actinopterygii. Gene duplication is proven to show that with the more gene duplication events the more diversity that organism will have. This is a trend that has been studied in tetrapods and primitive species specifically in hagfish and lampreys (Holland et al, 1994). The duplication events would potentially lead to multiple gene families being re-purposed in evolutionary development. These re-purposed genes
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Describe two attributes of the deep sea pelagic ecosystem that pose challenges for its inhabitants. For each of these, identify and describe 2 strategies or adaptations that address these problems.
One attribute of the deep sea pelagic ecosystem that poses a challenge for its inhabitants is the hydrostatic pressure. The water pressure in the ocean increases by 1 atm for each ten meters in depth so doing the math the pressure at 11000m or the bottom of the deep sea is around 1,100 atm. These high pressure eliminates the use of a swim bladder, being it would compress the air within the organism and render it useless (Childress et al, 1993). The high pressure will also distort the biomolecules that are found in species that dwell in low pressure areas. To combat this problem species that live in high pressure areas have adapted to the high pressure with molecules that are resistant to the effects of high pressure. These molecules can be found in structures used in their membrane and in proteins that are required for life. For example some organisms use "piezolytes”. These are small organic molecules that prevent pressure from distorting large biomolecules (Childress et al,
Big Mouth Bass Research Paper
1700 Words | 7 PagesEverything To know About The Large Mouth Bass! Imagine fishing on a dock, or on a deep-sea boat. Imagine all the different of fish you can see or catch while you’re there. Lets put a little more thought into it!
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235 Words | 1 PagesCrayfish are decapods pertaining to the phylum arthropoda, which are invertebrates and contain an open-circulatory system.1 The system works by the hemolymph getting re-oxygenated in the gills before being transporting to the heart by brachio-cardiac veins and then pumped to sinuses that bathe tissues with oxygenated hemolymph.2 The crayfish contain a neurogenic heart that depends on neuronal input from cardiac ganglion.3 The neurogenic heart requires nerve impulses to produce contractions in contrast to a myogenic heart that can contract independently from the nervous system.3 The crayfish heart will beat due to the reaction of the ganglion to stimuli in the environment.4 Stimuli will affect the autonomic nervous system in the crayfish that control involuntary actions such as the heart rhythm.4 Neurotransmitters are the chemical signals in which the nervous system regulates both heart rate and contraction.3The autonomic nervous system breaks into two categories as parasympathetic system that is involved in relaxation of organs and the sympathetic system that will stimulate increased activity. Neurotransmitters can either increase or decrease heart rate by altering the patterns in neural activity of the heart.4 Crayfish are poikilotherms, which means they cannot metabolically thermoregulate thus conform to the ambient temperature in the water.
High School Fishing Club Research Paper
1517 Words | 7 PagesHigh School Fishing Club High schools offer extracurricular activities, clubs and sports for students to help them become involved in their school and develop team building and leadership skills. Some types of clubs offered by schools include Pep Club, SADD Club (Students Against Drunk Driving), Chess Club, and FFA (Future Farmers of America), just to name a few. More and more schools in the country are creating a fishing club. The question that arises is how long will it be until fishing clubs are offered at every school in the country?
Summary Of Chapter 8 And 9 Of Your Inner Fish
746 Words | 3 PagesPrimitive fish, like lampreys and hagfish, have receptors that combine both water genes and air genes. This clearly shows that these primitive fish arose before the smelling genes split into two types. The number of odor genes have increased over time, from relatively few in jawless fish to the enormous number seen in mammals. The extra genes in mammals are all variations of the genes found in jawless fish. Therefore, the large number of odor genes in mammals arose by many rounds of duplication of the small number of genes in primitive organisms.
Hastings Point Lab Report
1610 Words | 7 Pages70 common limpets were identified in the 40m bracket identified as the littoral zone, between 0m to 40m. The common limpet employs a range of adaptations to survive the abiotic and biotic conditions associated with the littoral zone. Firstly, the limpet uses a structural adaptation to overcome the harsh wave action in the tidal zone, by using their radula to grip on to imperfections in the rock. Furthermore, they employ a behavioural adaptation of grinding their shells down into the rock, to further ensure they are not swept away by the tide. Additionally, the limpet utilises a behavioural adaptation regarding its tough shell and powerful radula, to defend against predators.
AP Biology Chapter Summary
1515 Words | 7 PagesBiology, the study of life and living organisms, is complex and encompasses a multitude of theories and ideas. In AP Biology, the first unit covered was evolution. Chapters 29, 31, 39, 40, 41, 42, and 43 in the textbook, Campbell’s Biology in Focus, not only discusses the four main ideas of biology: evolution, energy, information, and systems, but it also gives examples of each in order to help guide the reader’s understanding of the concepts. The first big idea of AP Biology is: “the process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life.” Chapter 39 in the textbook encompasses this main idea through discussing natural selection and genetic diversity.
Stickleback Fish Research Paper
532 Words | 3 PagesThe stickleback fish have gained much attention from evolutionary biologists because of their historic ability to adapt to conditions that were not favorable and to survive successfully in them. They are also able to give researchers insight into how evolution occurs in other organisms. The stickleback normally spawns in freshwater but lives in the salt-water ocean. Long ago when ice melted and receded, the fish were given new possible places to inhabit and they did, expanding their spawning locations to newly formed streams. Eventually, though, the streams were cut off from the sea and the once salt-water sticklebacks were faced with the problem of being stuck in freshwater with no way to get out.1
Puffer Fish Dinner Case Study
1047 Words | 5 PagesDr. Marshall Westwood had a meal of puffer fish and rice for dinner in Indonesia on his recent trip. Within an hour, the numbness starting from his lips and tongues quickly spread out through his face and neck, and he had pains in stomach and throat with symptoms of severe nausea and vomiting. Dr. Westwood called a local hospital, for he was feared of a “bad fish” food poisoning. He told his condition and signs to hospital staff but it were impossible to speak due to the numbness of lips and face.
The Cambrian Explosion
794 Words | 4 PagesThe Cambrian explosion was a relatively short evolutionary event which occurred approximately 543 million years ago during the Cambrian period. The Cambrian explosion It is referred to as an explosion because it was during the Cambrian period where there was a mass increase of many different multicellular eukaryotic organisms. Fox Douglas, author of What Sparked the Cambrian Explosion, described the Cambrian explosion as an “evolutionary burst 540 million years ago that filled the seas with an astonishing diversity of animals”. This evolutionary event is believed to have caused the development of an immense amount of many different species whom developed below the water surface. It was during the Cambrian explosion where all but one of the
Pitx1 Enhancer Lab Report
791 Words | 4 PagesIn my hypothesis, I state that the stickleback fish would not have a pelvic spine caused by an insertion mutation in the Pitx1 enhancer region. According to the gel, the stickleback fish in Big Lake do not have the pelvic spine due to a deletion mutation found in the Pitx1 enhancer region. This can be further proved by the phenotype of the fish found in Big lake. The stickleback fish found in Big Lake (seen in figure 2) is smooth across the bottom, with no pelvic spine present. This proof supports the results of the gel
Cambrian Explosion: The Evolutionary Life System
722 Words | 3 PagesIntroduction Approximately 530 million years ago, there was a rapid diversification of animal species. In this relatively short evolutionary event, most major phyla appeared. The term Cambrian Explosion describes the geologically sudden appearance of multi-cellular animals in the fossil record. Pre-Cambrian organisms consisted of prokaryotes, eukaryotes, bacteria and ediacaran life forms. In less than 5 million years, most of the basic body plans that we observe in modern groups appeared; cnidarians, molluscs, arthropods, echinoderms and the chordates all came on to the scene.
Tilapia Research Paper
431 Words | 2 PagesTilapia is the generic name of a group of cichlids endemic to Africa. Tilapia has become one of the most commonly eaten fish in North America. It is currently the fourth most frequently eaten fish in the United States. It is the third most popular farm raised seafood. Part of the popularity of tilapia stems from the fact that it is easily farmed.
False Evolution Research Paper
1563 Words | 7 PagesFor example, bat (mammal), eagle (bird) and pterosaur (reptile) all developed Analagous structures, despite being in completely different animal groupings (Delvin, 2015). Slide 10: Parallel evolution is the independent evolution of similar traits, starting from a similar ancestral form (Mckie, 2012). For example, flowering plants and insects depend of each other and therefore evolved into species around a similar time, as neither can survive without each other (Jacobs, 2011). Another example involves, the ‘bobcat’ and ‘quoll’ developing similar traits as they are from the ‘cat’ niche (Laurent, 2013). Slide 11: Divergent evolution provides evidence that the accumulation of differences between groups can lead to the formation of new species (Refalo, 2015).
Coral Reef History
766 Words | 4 PagesEvolutionary history of Coral Reefs, to go forward we must go back With the future of coral reefs being uncertain, and 2015 set to experience an El Nino to rival that of 1998, the future of these highly biodiverse ecosystems is something that researchers are rapidly trying figure out. Piecing together, and unlocking mechanisms involved in a coral species ability to adapt and or acclimatise, illustrate how some species of coral are more resilient to stress and answers as to what gives them this resilience. Ecosystems like coral reefs are so important; not only do they support a vast amount of species by being habitat engineers. They are also important to the 500 million people that rely on the reefs so heavily for food, a financial pool and
Evolution In Animal Research
1056 Words | 5 PagesAn example of this is the streamlined, bullet-type shape of sharks and dolphins that allows them to swim fast through the water. However, sharks are fish and dolphins are mammals and they are very far apart on the evolutionary tree. Because organisms that do not have a common ancestor can evolve in the same ways is powerful evidence for natural selection, (Editors, 2017). Biologists have long debated how different animal species independently developed echolocation, the sonar-like mechanism in which animals listen to their own clicks and calls echoing back from obstacles or prey. In the study released, biologists led by Stephen Rossiter and Joe Parker at Queen Mary University of London, drew upon the largest dataset ever to look for convergent evolution in 2,326 genes shared by 22 mammals, including six bats and the bottlenose dolphin, ?
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