Like any other structured system, colonial medicine left quite a number of legacies in the world today. Medicine was a very important tool used during colonization and as Keller, in his article Geographies or power, legacies of mistrust: Colonial medicine in the global present, argues: “biomedicine is a peculiarly western idiom despite its Universalist claims” (Keller, 2006). This essay will explore two of the many legacies of colonial medicine in the world today namely undermining traditional healers and mistrust of the health systems in place.
Firstly, the undermining of traditional healers is a legacy that was left by colonial medicine. As Keller highlights: “the early intersection of colonial medicine with religious mission work demonstrates how such conversion efforts sought to seduce colonized populations by presenting biomedicine as a superior form of knowledge about body and nature” (Keller, 2006). Bivins in Coming ‘Home’to (post) Colonial Medicine: Treating Tropical Bodies in Post-War Britain, states that: “examining colonial practice has revealed a broader range of historical actors, including missionaries and indigenous healers, leaders, communities and patients” (Bivins, 2013) . Before the arrival of the
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Packward and Vaughan, in their article, Curing Their Ills: Colonial Power and African Illness, posit: “missionary medicine focused on the control of populations for physical as well as moral health. “Healing, for medical missionaries, was part of a program of social and moral engineering through which ‘Africa’ would be saved” (Packward & Vaughan, 1992). This legacy lives on and examples of this are clearly visible in many African societies today. In Africa generally, traditional medicine is often times viewed and regarded as satanic or
Summary of the text: Adam Hochschild’s King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa is a historical fiction published in 1998 (Hochschild, 1998). It comprises a myriad of evidence to testify the Belgian King Leopold II’s atrocities in Congo between 1885 and 1908 for the sake of capturing the attention of various readers towards the Belgian imperialist delinquencies through a detailed narration of a number of main characters’, including George Washington Williams and William Henry Sheppard, experiences in Belgian Congo (Hochschild, 1998). In this excerpt, it illustrates William’s peaceful exploration in Congo as the first American-Black missionary. During his journey, not only did he explore the Congolese culture,
The Hmong practice traditional healing and sacrifices and saw America as a place they could continue doing so. Soon, they learned that American doctors did not respect their traditional beliefs in medicine and saw western medicine as the “right way.” Doctors grew angry that their Hmong patients would not agree with their treatments. The Lee’s are one of many who experienced this first hand.
They provide the exotic “other”, a juxtaposition with the Greeks who were perceived as the model of a civilized people, a literary trope that dates back to Herodotus and can be found in other Hippocratic texts, such as The Sacred Disease. The Greek author asserts that there is a certain “…feebleness of the Asian race” resulting from their “…mental flabbiness and cowardice.” (AWP 160) This, the author claims, leads them to be less warlike and be supportive of a monarchy—characteristics that would have been anathema to a Greek and would have placed Asians as mentally inferior to the Greeks. This emphasis on the inferiority of their mental condition is a theme that has been continued in by white authors in Western medicine with its views of Africans.
On the other hand, Europeans didn’t have the same effect when they came in contact with these diseases. Exposed to the diseases at an early age, Europeans were mostly to fully immune. With the devastating effects of disease, native culture was starting to change. Persuaded that their native gods have abandoned them, many natives converted to Christianity. Forced by disease, natives usually married relatives that survived the diseases since appropriate partners were scarce.
Description The Jamestown[1] settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. William Kelso says Jamestown "is where the British Empire began ... this was the first colony in the British Empire."[2 ] Established by the Virginia Company of London as "James Fort" on May 4, 1607 (O.S., May 14, 1607 N.S.),[3] and considered permanent after brief abandonment in 1610, it followed several earlier failed attempts, including the Lost Colony of Roanoke. Jamestown served as the capital of the colony for 83 years, from 1616 until 1699.
One hundred sixteen people landed on the coast of North Carolina long before anyone had discovered the colony of Jamestown. They traveled across the Atlantic Ocean from England once they heard of Christopher Columbus’s major discovery of a new land. Even 600 years later, the fate of the Roanoke Colony still remains a mystery. The story began in England.
Head pains were treated with sweet smelling herbs such as rose, lavender, sage and bay. Stomach pains were treated with wormwood, mint and balm. Amputations were performed by surgeons the ‘stump’ was cauterized with a pitch. Wounds were treated with vinegar as a cleaning agent and it was believed it would kill the disease. Typhoid, broken bones, wound, abscesses and fractures were treated in unsanitary environments.
In early America, the first successful colony was called the Jamestown Colony. It took a while for this new country to fill up, though. This was because, in the beginning, many people died from disease, starvation, and Native American attacks. Many people in the early Jamestown Colony died from a disease. “Summer sickness kills half the colonists” (J. Frederick Fausz, “An Abundance of Bloodshed on Both Sides: England’s First Indian War 1609-1614,” The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, January 1990).
In colonial America, the citizens did not know exactly what they wanted for their government. The colonists knew they didn’t want their lives to be like they had been in England. They were open to ideas; they did not know what would work and what wouldn’t. The colonists knew that trial and error was the best idea at the time. The democratic and undemocratic features of colonial America were very apparent in that democracy as it was a work in progress.
“In the late 1800 and early 1900's, infectious diseases were the most serious threat to health and well being.” Until the late 1900’s the leading cause of death was communicable diseases. As doctors gain more knowledge about medicine the death rate of those disease has substantially decreased. The three main illnesses of the 1800’s-1900’s were scarlet fever, tuberculosis, and chicken pox, yet a positive outcome from these horrendous sicknesses were antibiotics, remedies, and vaccines. Scarlet Fever was one of the many illnesses in the 1800’s.
The Roanoke Colony’s disappearance Did you know that even though Jamestown was England’s first permanent colony, it was not the first time colonists attempted to make their home in the new world. The Roanoke colony, also known as “The Lost Colony” was founded in 1585. The first couple years seemed to be going well until John White had to sail back to England for supplies. When he returned the whole colony had been deserted, and all 117 had gone missing.
Lord Jeffrey Amherst, gave blankets as gifts to the Natives without their knowing of the disease that was waiting to attack their unprepared immune system. Vice Versa While the Americas suffered a great loss due to disease transferred by the Europeans, Europe was introduced to Syphilis (S.T.D.). I find this a tad ironic due to the fact that Europeans infected the Native Americans, then the Native Americans then affected the Europeans through the women they stole. “The Pox” as Europeans called syphilis, spread through Europe slowly then about as fast as the diseases in the New World did. When sores would occur on the genital area mercury and guaiacum were used as a remedy.
The colonization of Indigenous peoples has dramatically affected their health, and health-seeking behaviours, in a myriad of ways. The Indian Act of 1876 was, in essence, created to control the Indigenous population. The Indian Act laid out laws and regulations that tightly regulated the lives of natives economically, ideologically, and politically. This included a wealth of ways in which their identities were stripped away, and in which they were taken advantage of by the Government of Canada. This has resulted in a reduced quality of life for Canada 's indigenous population, as well as adverse health problems, and prejudicial perceptions that we still see the impact of today.
During the Renaissance, the treatment of diseases and advancements is surgical procedures increased. The impact of technology also affected the way people were treated, medically, as well as how the survival rate of injured or sick people. The earliest “doctors” studied at the universities of northern Italy. Epidemic diseases became more common during this time period, diseases such as, the Bubonic Plague, smallpox, the pneumonic plague, and measles. The Renaissance was a time of discovery in the medical field and continues to grow today.
The Enlightenment was a movement that shunned superstition and was more in favor with a scientific explanation of the world. The Enlightenment was also known as the Age of Reason or Age of Enlightenment. It started in Europe and America around the 17th and 18th centuries. The Enlightenment was about people who used their critical thinking skills to argue knowledge, education, politics, religion, and art. The enlightenment produced an increased number of inventions, books, scientific findings, political laws, and revolutions.