Virtue Ethics and Confucianism
Virtue is a popular theme that can be found in films, books, and societies around the world. The definition of virtue in the American Heritage Dictionary of the English language is “the quality of moral excellence, righteousness, and responsibility… a specific type of moral excellence or other exemplary quality considered meritorious” (Morris). In relation to a philosophical standpoint, there are a number of theories regarding virtue, which fall under the broad category of virtue ethics. As defined in the 7th Edition Ethics Theory and Practice textbook written by authors Jacques P. Thiroux and Keith W. Kraseman, virtue ethics are “character-based ethics…about becoming a certain kind of person.” “It’s concern,
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You may notice that each relationship includes a person that is more powerful than the other however, the only cardinal relationship in which one person is not more powerful is from friend to friend. This system was established to promote discipline and uniformity during the political upheaval. The five cardinal relationships are governed by Shu, a Chinese term that translates to reciprocity. By constructing a respected and understood hierarchy each individual played an important role in rekindling peace in China. Cardinal relationships continue to have a place in Chinese culture today and mark an important factor in fostering harmony in the home and …show more content…
There have been various studies conducted using Confucianism as a basis for how a company and its employees fare. Using themes like self cultivation, role ethics, and the cardinal relationships businesses have mapped out the long term effects of Confucian philosophies. In a study done by Tianbo Li titled The Influence of Confucianism and Buddhism on Chinese Business the author stated, “The economic success of China benefits from, or is closely associated with Confucianism” (Li 1). Examples of Confucius in the work place emphasize on building long-term connections, incorporating harmony, and cooperative principles in order to create an effective, organized, and collaborative work environment. The study also assessed how incorporating Confucianism into a business positively affected sales. The customer and shop worker not only communicated better but the study also shows if the manager were to have out any quotes or small artifacts about Confucius, that the customer would have a talking point and find the store more welcoming. Another example of Confucianism in modern Chinese society is through the media. There are a number of TV shows and movies that are set in ancient Chinese times and reflect the philosophies of Confucius. These shows portray the importance of tradition and the development of ones inner self, similar to the basis of
A virtue is when a person behaves in a moral manner. Certain virtues that societies should possess can be harmful. Typically, good virtues, such as honor, courage, and compassion. are commonly used by people as a way of living. Every society should live by the good virtues and strive to ensure that all citizens are treated equally.
One example of a consequence for my decision would be complete and utter hatred towards me as an individual. Whether it’s through public persecution or social media, the level of severity could also render me jobless. In either case, an important note to make is that both of my options clearly value human life in a quantitative manner. Despite the major differences between virtue ethics and deontology, there are two similarities that connect them together.
Aristotle describes virtue theory as an ethical theory that emphasizes an individual 's character rather than following a set of rules. Breaking it down even further to specify knowing right from wrong, being able to read an atmosphere by knowing what is right, and it is the midpoint between two extremes. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. display to be a virtue ethicists through his letter oppose to being a deontologist or utilitarian. Laws define a set of rules that the people should follow; however, there are unjust laws that are meant to be challenged.
Confucianism and Taoism are religious and philosophical systems that provides ethical guidelines to the proper behavior of individuals and officials. Confucius teachings were of social relations, proper conduct and social harmony. Taoism indicated a way of thought or life that could be indulged in by only a few. In Confucianism members that believe and live by all the teachings will always do good and not go astray. They will not be envious of others and will always be in good harmony with one another.
Confucianism enforced harmony, between people while legalism enforced strict following of rules. For confucianism was built on the belief that harmony results when people in society accepted their place in their lives. However, Legalism was built on the fact that all humans are more inclined to do the wrong thing instead of the right thing due to the motivation of self-interest. Confucianism is described through the five key relationships: father to son, elder brother to younger brother, husband to wife, elder friend to younger friend, and ruler to subject. But legalism was described
My moral virtues are very similar to that of a Confucian. This excited me more than surprised me, because before this class, I didn’t know the slightest bit about Confucianism. The moral virtue that stood out the most to me was empathy; being empathetic and compassionate is something that I focus on more than anything. A lot of people see it as weakness, but I see it as pure strength and courage. To instinctively recognize the inherent worth and value of every person, from the highest of society to the lowest baffles me.
In this paper, I will argue that the main goal in the Confucian Religion regarding afterlife is to essentially focus on the present. I will explain how Chun-tzu, Tao, and the Tao of Pooh all support the ideology that life is meant to be cherished, with afterlife not being the ultimate goal to one’s mind. Chinese culture is heavily influenced by the ethical and social dimensions of Chun-tzu, a goal that is more important than afterlife. Chun-tzu is the ideal person in Chinese culture, he/she is superior and a gentle. “From the perspective of Confucian ethics, learning to becoming an exemplary, autonomous moral agent, chun-tzu, is a and unceasing process of cultivation” that does not end until one is dead.
Confucianism and Taoism are considered the two sizes to the Chinese philosophical coin. (Novak) Lao Tzu believed that avoiding confrontation and going with the flow is the key to the perfect society. For example, this exert from the text. "Life is a series of natural changes. Do not resist.
Virtue ethics is an ethical system that measures morality as virtue. Being virtuous is having desirable or 'good ' character attributes. Aristotle taught that a virtue is the midpoint between two vices, which are extremes. This spot is known as the Golden Mean. It is the perfect spot between the two extremes of deficiency and excess.
While both philosophies of Confucianism and Legalism were both active government policies throughout the “Golden Age” in Chinese history, the two theories have central ideas vary in the beliefs of people. Both ideals while dealing with the governing of people go about how they do it differently. In order to keep order, the practice of Legalism believes that everyone is equal under the law and should be governed with laws, on the other hand, those practicing Confucianism believe that people are inherently good and by promoting a good nature, the people will follow and keep the order on their own. According to the Confucian author, “If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments they will try to avoid the punishment, but have no sense of shame.
Virtue ethics, primarily founded by Aristotle, was the dominant approach in Western moral philosophy until Enlightenment [1].Its importance re-emerged with the dissatisfaction associated with deontology and utilitarianism, two theories unable to address issues such as moral character, moral education, friendship etc. Virtue ethics emphasize moral character and virtues, focusing on three central concepts: virtue, practical wisdom and eudaimonia. Cultural Relativism is the view that holds that moral truths cannot be applied universally, and that each person should be morally assessed based on his culture/society. This paper discusses relativist objection faced by Aristotle, its arguments and the responses offered by Aristotle, in addition to anticipated objections and Nussbaum’s responses in her paper “Non-relative virtues: An Aristotelian Approach”
Virtue ethics however, as another normative ethical theory, has a completely
Virtue is that which is morally and ethically excellent. It is proper and honorable conduct willfully sought after. It is in this endeavor that Christianity is set apart from the philosophical and secular pursuit of moral excellence not by its governance from an earthly source but by that of a heavenly one. Marcus Aurelius and Jesus Reason, it can be said, is the mental power which forms conclusions, makes judgments, and enables a person to conduct their behavior virtuously.
Virtue is the correct category for forming an ethical system. Virtue is the correct category for forming an ethical system because virtue can help lead one to the good, which should ultimately be every human beings’ goal. Without virtue achieving the good would be impossible! Another reason that virtue is the correct category for forming an ethical system is because if virtue was not the correct category what would be? Justice, perhaps?
Virtue theory is more comprehensive and practical than traditional approaches to business ethics because it is about the type of person. Virtue theory is concerned with the cultivation of character and it provides happy life. Moral growth comes from choice rather than rules. Virtue ethics emphasizes the process of individual moral character development. Virtue theory helps to develop principles, tactics and procedures of business.