DEVELOPING A VOCABULARY LIST FOR 2-4 YEAR OLD TYPICALLY DEVELOPING KANNADA SPEAKING CHILDREN
INTRODUCTION:
Language is a complex and dynamic system of conventional symbols that is used in various modes for thought and communication (ASHA, 1982). Language code is not held common by all human beings but only those who belong to a specific community. Language depends on culture, people and place. Language acquisition is a developmental phenomenon that emerges in the early childhood (Rice, 2003). A vocabulary is the most important component in language ability. Vocabulary is the building block of language and is the essential part of communication without which people cannot convey their messages properly (Nemati, 2008). Vocabulary refers to the
…show more content…
The children were further divided into two groups of one year interval each i.e. 2-3and 3.1-4 years. All children were native speakers of Kannada. All children had normal speech and language development. All children were within the age range of 2-4 years and had normal hearing as it was important for assessing receptive vocabulary thus, auditory skills of the individual was checked informally. Children did not have any otological, neurological, psychological or ophthalmic problems and were from the community using the same dialect of Kannada and had same socio-economic background. Parents who participated in the study were all mothers and …show more content…
The word list consisted of receptive and expressive vocabulary of 2-4 years old typically developing Kannada speaking children. The obtained data was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. Results suggests that this vocabulary list can be used to find out the growth of vocabulary development for 2-4 years old typically developing Kannada speaking children and can also be used as a clinical tool to identify the children who are at risk for language impairment. But this study is based only on parental reports and the children participation in the divided age groups of 2-3 years (9 children) and 3.1-4 years (31 children) are not uniform, also the list has not been validated. A large sample size would have yielded more reliable results. Thus further studies can be done on clinical validation of this vocabulary list with extended age group and more number of subjects. This list can be further adopted as a screening or diagnostic
Non-Aboriginal staff need to be aware of the important place that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures hold in Australia. The history and culture of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples dates back 75,000 years therefore has unique significance. (Goodwin. Jo, 2012). The Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF) pays particular attention to cultural competence in working with Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures as discussed in question 9.
Worthy Words Impact Throughout the world, language remains the one entity every different culture possesses, guiding cultural practices, traditions, and social activities. Language is the way every individual expresses their feelings and shares their perspectives. Communication allows everyone to survive. It carries much power in today’s society. Words remain a powerful platform for people and influence others in a positive or negative manner.
children spoke more and areas where they rarely spoke. The outcomes highlighted that boys participated more in physical activities that required little communication; subsequently the staff created areas that encouraged communication and discussion for all children. The Department for Children, Schools and Families (DFCSF) released the ECAT: Guidance for Early Language Lead Practitioners (2008). The resource was designed to support a Lead Practitioner in developing high quality language provision within the setting.
What is the evidence that early childhood is a sensitive time for learning language? Social interaction, myelination, brain maturation, and scaffolding are evidence that early childhood is a sensitive time for learning language. In addition, children in early childhood are considered “language sponges” because they absorb every bit of language they hear or read. How does fast-mapping aid the language explosion?
The Early Years Learning Framework of Australia enriches and extends children’s learning and playing in supporting children’s being, becoming and belonging. This part mainly discusses the links between the project and EYLF. According to EYLF, children have a strong sense of identity, and they develop knowledge and confident self-identities. During daily learning and play, children will discover different identities whether they are cultural or social, and they will discover various points of view from others.
Fuller and Strath (2001) conducted a quantitative research study that examined local populations of early education organizations based on the 1990 household census data to report features of the early childhood workforce nationwide. Multiple economic and regulatory forces shaped the population of early education organizations that operated within states and local communities. The median center-based teacher was 34 years of age, reported having completed some college, and was married. The median family childcare home provider had a high school diploma. Fifteen percent of all preschool teachers in urban areas were African American and 8% were Latina.
Analyzing the Pressure of Cultural Identity and Assimilation As a nation that many people immigrate to America has many individuals with diverse cultural identities. These minorities are pressured by the dominant Americans to assimilate into American culture. The concept of cultural identity and the challenges associated with assimilation are recurring themes in literature. Elizabeth Wong's "The Struggle To Be An All-American Girl" and Oscar Hijuelos' "Lost In Time
There are many factors that can affect a child’s language and communication. Some of these factors can be positive; however, some can be negative. A cultural factor affecting emergent literacy could be children who have English as an additional language (EAL) this is because they know more of their native language than they do English and can be difficult to grasp another language at such a young age. Also some EAL children may have the knowledge of the English language and can speak the language however; their self-esteem, self-confidence and shyness could play a part in this and therefore may not be willing to use the English language. Also, EAL children may find it difficult to grasp the English alphabet.
The speech pathologist targeted these goals through a clinician-directed approach. He utilized drills to elicit the targeted responses (i.e. banana, orange, bread). Through the use of pictures, he asked (i.e. what is this) the child to name the item presented. The task was highly structured and controlled. During training, the words expected were repeated a number of times before testing the child.
The Active Child Theme: Infant Cognitive Development Katherine Pita Florida International University DEP 2001 Cognitive development is the process that leads to the emergence of the ability to think and understand (Siegler, DeLoache, Eisenberg, & Saffran, 2014). This process involves the “development of thinking and reasoning” (Siegler et al., 2014, p.15) throughout childhood, including the growth of capabilities such as “perception, attention, language, problem solving, reasoning, memory, conceptual understanding, and intelligence” (Siegler et al., 2014, p. 131). Children contribute to their development through self-initiated activity even before they are born, by practicing breathing and digestive processes and exercising
Reading is an essential life skill. The ultimate goal of reading is to comprehend and make meaningful connections with text. Therefore, the development of skills needed for reading begins at an early age and progresses through stages into adulthood (Chall, 1996). Within the early stages of reading development, children begin learning and acquiring these specific skills. Moreover, many of the skills learned during early childhood are constrained skills.
It is important for someone to have an extensive vocabulary; you should not put a cap on your vocabulary. Malcolm X in his autobiography describes how he went into prison having an awful vocabulary and not being able to write in a straight line. He admired another inmate because of his knowledge and how; when he started a conversation; he took charge every time. Not only is it good to have a broad vocabulary but, it comes with power.
From the earlier stages of development, children learn to understand other people by tone, facial expressions, and gestures. Although these are important aspects to communication if a child is only using gestures to communicate and not words, then there might be a difficulty in language development. On average “Children will typically be able to say 50 words by the time they reach 2 years. At this age, they will start to put short two-word sentences together. Language learning increases dramatically and by three years children are using three to four-word sentences and can be easily understood by familiar adults.
These insomuch will develop the child’s knowledge of language
Research Questions From the literature review, it was established that there were several factors affecting language learning and acquisition. More specifically, it was revealed that factors such as exposure at an early age, motivation, attitudes, incentives and educational system can influence language acquisition. However, most of the research were conducted in the west and were focused on students as subjects to the study and foreigners working in the country where they need to learn the language to lengthen their range of employment opportunity.