A measure of success for police is their protection of citizen’s constitutional rights. In one study, it was shown that community policing officers violate more constitutional rights of citizens than traditional police officers (Gould & Mastrofski, 2004). Why do community policing officers violate more rights? Procedural rights may be violated when the police investigate issues that are not criminal in nature since they lack the probable cause requirement.
Some departments train the patrol officers and but not the supervisors. The Chicago Police Department had problems with the hierarchy in accepting community policing training (Skogan & Hartnett, 1997). Without support from the high ranks of the department, there is limited ability for community policing to be properly implemented.
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The confidence in the police and the satisfaction people have did not increase within the community-policing era but stayed stable and has decreased at times, which has been lowest in minority, especially African American, communities (Gallagher, Maguire, Mastrofski, & Reisig, 2001).
Traditional-policing techniques still need to be maintained and improved during community policing implementation. Not all issues can be dealt with by community policing such as private and cyber-crime (Demetriou & Silke, 2003). Certain crimes are best handled by more traditional policing tactics such as directed stings that were shown to be effective to decrease crimes involving firearms (Sherman & Rogan, 1995).
Citizens’ involvement with police has shown that it results in reduced fear of neighborhood crime and fear of being a victim (Wycoff & Skogan, 1986). Citizen involvement also helps improve police legitimacy (Tyler, 2004). However, citizen involvement and support come mostly from white neighborhoods (Tyler,
This book talks about how African American and Latino young men in Oakland, California are most likely to targeted by police. The author Victor M. Rios, who once was a gang member and juvenile delinquent, but turned his life around. Explains how youth of color in his hometown are harassed, profiled, watched, and disciplined at young ages by authorities. Even though they have not committed any crimes. It took him three-year study to calculate is data and present it. For this observation, Rios used 40 African American and Latino young men in Oakland.
“Circumspect Police Ends the Drop in Crime?” This debate topic speaks about police being less proactive, because of vitriol, and causing an increase in crime rates. This debate topic is not directly related to the book, Ghettoside, but falls into the same bracket. The debate talks about the police becoming less involved because of denunciation, and rates of crimes increasing because of that. Ghettoside talks about the black-on-black homicide rates going up, one reason, because of the ignorance of the police.
All throughout America, individuals are taught at a young age that police officers are always the “good guys.” Police officers are painted to be trustworthy, honorable, and advocates of justice. This idea is often displayed in the media through television shows, movies, and news specials. For some, this idea still holds truth, however there are many, particularly individuals of color, whom would quickly disagree. Numerous persons of color have been subjected to racial profiling by officers resulting in stops, searches, and false accusation of crimes.
3). Time and time again, however, the introduction of community policing has only served to divert taxpayer money away from valuable institutions and toward police without changing the relationship between the police and the communities they infiltrate. By nature, adding police to a situation creates hostility — individuals in communities that have been fragmented by mass incarceration know far too well that so long as police officers are present, there is a chance they get shot or go to prison. Situations that would never have escalated in a typical situation often result in arrests and violence. As a man in Prison by Any Other Name recounts, community policing gives officers opportunities to harass people for as little as “tossing a paper plate on the floor.”
During her Tedx Talk, she often talks about 21st Century Policing and how it should be standardized in general. In addition, she focuses especially on the first pillar: building trust and legitimacy. The commissioner see community policing not as an expression, but as a philosophy that must be woven into a police organization. She recognizes that there are two groups in society: the police and the citizens. To fix this, the police need to involve the community, not just deal with it.
Harris article “The stories, the statistics, and the law: Why "driving while black" matters” correlates with Wilkins and Williams article in the essence that it’s addressing the reason police departments need to understand the underlying issues that stand in the way of learning and changing. In this study, Harris (2009) found that “racially biased pretextual traffic stops have a strong and immediate impact on the individual African-American drivers involved” (pg. 288). The Fourth Amendment prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and requires specifies guidelines to be met to procure a warrant for a search (Harris, 2009). The amendment does not suggest whose rights would be vindicated by addressing these police practices. The great majority of black people experiencing this type of abuse and humiliation, only crime they committed was being black.
This article brought many points into light that many other articles were too sacred to bring up or simply did not want to bring up because the evidence went against their claim. This article talked about how racial profiling is often times misunderstood. To argue his point, he talks about how crime is never evenly distributed in cities and many times the places where there is the most crime is a part of town that lives in poverty. Often times this also means these parts of town are highly diverse. Policemen then, doing their job, watch these parts of town because of the high crime.
The presence of this hidden practice of the police is also prevalent in African American communities and has shaped African Americans’ perception of the police. One quote that explains the temperament of African Americans towards the police is, “One of the most reliable findings in research on attitudes toward police is that citizen distrust is more widespread among African-Americans than whites” (Brunson 2007:73). “African Americans have had to deal with aggressive policing associated with racial profiling and other direct experiences with racial discrimination that lead to lasting adverse effects on individual perceptions of the police. For example, in predominantly black neighborhoods they are always pat down for drugs no matter where they go” (Brunson 2007:76). “If they see us every five
In Law Enforcement and enforcing the law there is six areas in which police departments have been found to be defective or deficient. This is a very difficult topic for me to agree with because police officers are put in to very stressful and unknown circumstances on a daily bases. In many cases these scenarios require a decision to be made in a split second or it could be life or death. This split second decision has months and months to be twisted and picked apart by lawyers, jury, and mostly the media. Another reason police receive such attention is because it is their job to be in the view of the public at all times and today’s technology is making it even more difficult for them to effectively and efficiently do their jobs.
Ultimately, American must find a way to heal this problem as one. Ways to accomplish this could be through an open dialogue between police officers and minorities, or creating a regulating system that has makes police officers have accountability. Supporters suggest police departments use appropriate force when dealing with the public because in most cases officers make
Decades of racial discrimination, insufficient urban planning, and unsuccessful labor policy left African-Americans disportionately unemployed and situated in ghettos across the United States. (Hahn 25) The lack of opportunity led a number of individuals within those communities to join gangs to secure income, social status, and protection. (Hahn 25) Instead of integrating these individuals into the “prosperous mainstream,” the police has separated and trapped minorities within these communities.(Hahn 25)Working with the desperate, angry,and wronged communities daily paired with racist social beliefs led to racial generalizations by cops. (Hahn 25)
One of the greatest challenges law enforcement are facing is providing effective policing for minority communities. Some factors that prevent minorities from gaining access to justice or being taken advantage of certain criminal justice services are language barriers, racial stereotyping, and cultural differences. Since the 30 's and 40 's, and even during the 60 's, civil rights activists damaged the police-minority relations in the United States, believing that police only interest are protecting white communities. A big explanation of why there 's a poor police-minority relations in the United States is racism on the part of the individual officers. Many minorities in the United States have continued to complain about being treated more harshly than whites and the Department of Justice believes that racial profiling and police discrimination will continue to be a big problem.
As we all know and have seen, race plays a major part in how some law enforcements interact with other races. Some are scared of the other races just like the other races are scared of law enforcement. We have to find a way to change that. And a way I think that can happen is the community. On some days have the cops go to a random neighborhood and do great things there.
According to the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics, departments that serve less than 2,500 people are 84.4% white and departments that serve millions are 53.4% white (as cited in Fifield, 2016). Notably, Over the years, a lack of diversity within law enforcement has become a pertinent issue. Notably, the underrepresentation of minorities within law enforcement influences the relationship between communities and law enforcement by engendering distrust with law enforcement. To say nothing of, underrepresentation of minorities have had many people question whether departments mirror a diverse community. Nevertheless, with that being said, underrepresentation of minorities have generated tension and distrust between communities and law enforcement and many believe that police department need to mirror the race composition within their cities.
The topic for this research proposal project is on community policing, and the factors that are involved in determining if relationships between law enforcement and citizens in these neighborhoods are strained. In order to be successful, community policing must be built on trust, as both civilians and law enforcement must work hand in hand to protect their communities. If there is a lack of trust, then these programs becomes broken, and can therefore lead to other violence and criminal acts. This research proposal project will focus on minority based communities and citizens, where the majority of the citizens are either African American or Hispanic.