Hydrocarbon Essays

1 PETROLEUM Petroleum is a mixture of gaseous, liquid and solid hydrocarbon that occurs naturally beneath the earth's surface (Awake, 2003). Petroleum is composed of hydrocarbons (hydrogen and carbon) and may exists as crude oil, natural gas or condensates. Crude oil is a naturally occurring, free flowing liquid mainly hydrocarbons with its specific gravity between 1.00 and 0.80. The major elements of crude oil are carbon (83-87%) and hydrogen (10-14%) and minor elements, nitrogen (s density

EXPERIMENTAL RATIONALE Hydrocarbons are organic molecules consisting of hydrogen and carbon only1 and can be classified as saturated or unsaturated. A saturated hydrocarbon has the maximum number of hydrogens that can be present, given the number of carbons in the compound, for example, acyclic alkanes. A hydrocarbon is unsaturated if a hydrogen can be added1. This is a result of a hydrogen in the molecule being replaced, for example, with a double or triple bond or ring structure. Three examples

The fuel we use today began forming during the “Carboniferous Period” which was before dinosaurs ruled the Earth (Soft schools, 2014). As many of you may know, the government has recommended phasing out petrol products and replacing them with cheaper, cleaner and continuous, alternative fuel product. The most effective and efficient fuel cell is biodiesel and this is evident through the environmental impacts, the cost, safety aspects, transport, the efficiency of the yield of each fuel and the production

Poly (ether sulphone) is stable under the pH range of 2 – 14. In addition, Poly (ether sulphone) is stable in oxidizing agents and various non-polar solvents. However, it does react with low-polarity organic solvents like chlorinated/aromatic hydrocarbons and ketones like methylpyrrolidone. Due to its stiff and yet comparatively flexible structure, it relatively maintains its mechanical and chemical properties from -100 oC to 200 oC. Poly (ether sulphone) is highly resistant to mechanical deformation

Oil is a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon substance it has a high carbon and hydrogen content and are usually flammable and slippery. Oil is used in food, fuel, lubrication, and the manufacture of paints, plastics, and other materials. Most of the oil is drilled out from under the sea floor. Offshore oil in the Gulf of Mexico is a major source of oil in the United States. Some of the major areas that oil is drilled in the United States is in the western and central Gulf of Mexico which includes Texas

Offshore drilling refers back to the drilling for oil in the ocean and wet lands.in todays modern day world, this offshore oil drilling is one of the most important technological breakthroughs that the world has ever made in current years. From offshore drilling, many strategies have emerge which have helped drill oil underneath the land and in the water. Since the day offshore drilling was introduced, the world has benefited a lot as it has drilled gallons of oil which have helped in industries

Calcarenite is a sedimentary rock formed of calcareous particles that have been deposited mechanically from a solution. The particles which consist of fossil materials, pebbles and granules of carbonate rock and Oolites are transported and sorted by flowing water. When it is formed entirely of shell debris the rock is called coquina. (Robert 1768) 1.1. Composition of calcarenite Calcarenite is a type of limestone composed mainly of above 50% of detrital sand of size 0.0625 to 3mm in diameter in

INTRODUCTION A chemical reaction is the chemical change of atoms and molecules. They is are an essential part of daily life, and can be very useful for solving various problems. This essay discusses the use of bioremediation in oil spills, and the chemical processes involved. PROBLEM An oil spill is simply the release of liquid petroleum (also known as crude oil) into the environment. Large-scale oil spills are very problematic, as they as they can cause a multitude of short-term and long-term

91% of the operational spills are small but they do result in less than 67 metric tons of oil spillage. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are present in the oil spillage which are incredibly difficult to clean up during an oil spill and can cause many diseases to marine species. The result of an oil spill is horrific; oil penetrated the plumage of a bird which causes them to be more

Jojoba oil is known as the Gold of Desert and is produced from the seeds of jojoba plant. The jojoba plant is a desert shrub found in the arid regions of the Mexico, Arizona and California. It is extracted as a liquid wax and then later refined into the odorless and colorless jojoba oil. The plant gain famed from its moisturizing and emollient properties, and properties that balance hair and skin by keeping them hydrated. And this oil is widely used in cosmetic and skin care industry. Skin

At room temperature is a colorless gas with an odor similar to gasoline. It is an alkene used to manufacture rubber by addition polymerization. It has two C-C double bonds in its structure which allows the compound to form a wide variety of polymers including ABS. This compound is a toxic gas listed as a human carcinogen. Figure 2. Representation of 1.3-butadiene (mw: 54.09 g/mol) Styrene: A colorless to yellowish liquid that produce polystyrene by homopolymerization. Styrene is a derivative of

To: Les Singer; Secretary, DOE From: Policy Group Office of Secretary Les Singer Subject: Answers for the reporters I know that there a many questions being asked in regards to gasoline prices and comments made by J.R. We as the policy group are doing the best that we can to work on answering all of your questions and coming up with explanations to make sure that you fully understand. The answer to your question on why price ceilings will prevent the laws of supply and demand from operating

In 2016, Duke Energy acquired Piedmont Natural Gas, but it was setup to where it would operate as a business until of Dike Energy while still keeping its name. With this acquisition Piedmont's 1 million customers enabled Duke Energy's natural gas customer base to triple in size. Duke Energy purchased Piedmont Natural Gas for $4.9 billion, but also agreed to pay for $1.8 billion in debt making the total $6.7 billion for the purchase. Many felt this was too high due to it being in an industry that

Documentary “Blood and Oil” Summary The documentary "Blood and Oil", directed by Jeremy Earp, shows how foreign policy and energy policy are closely intertwined by demonstrating growing dependence of the American economy on oil, resulting in America’s military engagements in the Middle East. First, the documentary starts to illustrate how oil has become the most important energy resource in the American economy. Since 1860, the U.S has been the leading consumer of petroleum. Despite being a mere

In this diagram we can see that acetaminophen consists of a benzene ring core, with hydroxyl and amide functional groups in proxy. Benzene (C6H6) is a hydrocarbon composed of 6 carbon atoms (92.26% of the molecule) and 6 hydrogen atoms (7.74% of the molecule) with alternating double and single bonds (resonance bonds) and is aromatic because of this. Benzene is a natural part of petroleum, usually <1.0% by weight, but is found in many things used today. Benzenes most common use is to produce ethylbenzene

1. Introduction 1.1 What is hydraulic fracturing? Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is the process of drilling down into the earth’s surface, followed by a high-pressure water mixture, which is directed at the rocks to release the gas and oil that is inside of them. Furthermore water, sand, chemicals and other substances are injected into the rock at a high pressure, in order to allow the gas in the rock to flow out and up to the top of the fracking wells. The process of fracking allows humans to

Jan 2010 - Jan 2012 MAERSK DRILLING | www.maerskdrilling.com Maersk Discoverer 6th Generation Deepwater DP2 MODU Senior Electrician & Electronic & Instrument Technician Maersk Drilling supports global oil & gas production by providing high-efficiency drilling services to oil and gas companies around the world. Maersk Drilling seeks to become a significant and stable contributor to the APMM Group by developing and growing their business within the ultra deep-water and ultra-harsh environment

In Flower Mound, Texas, residents called upon the state to investigate an alarming spike in the number of children with leukemia, a form of cancer which affects white blood cell production in the body and compromises one’s immune system. In half a dozen Texas counties in the Dallas-Fort Worth area, there were higher rates of invasive breast cancer than anywhere else in the state (Rawlins). Some residents and researchers alike attribute this startling health trend to the natural gas industry and its

The oil demand is forecasted to grow 50% by 2025 even though the world supply of it is limited and nonrenewable, what are we as people going to do when we run out? The answer is fracking, more specifically hydraulic fracking. Hydraulic fracking is the process of breaking shale formation by first drilling a hole deep inside the ground and then using high pressure liquids create cracks that release natural gas, an alternative to oil. If we keep going on the rate we use oil right now, we would have

81% of our energy comes from fossil fuels to run our cars, fly planes, and heat our homes. According to research by The Global Education Project, the world is consuming more fossil fuels then we are discovering. Since fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource, if we run out of fossil fuels than there will be no more to use. What would happen if we ran out of fossil fuels? Ethanol is a renewable fuel source made from crops like corn and other plant materials. Ethanol is also called “flex fuel” and