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4 Stages Of Attachment Essay

564 Words3 Pages

The term attachment is defined as an emotional bond to a specific person, and for infants and children these people are typically their mother or father. According to John Bowlby, there are four stages of attachment in early development known as Bowlby’s stages. These four stages include, preattchment, attachment in the making, clear-cut attachment, and goal-corrected partnership (Levine and Munsch, 2016). Although there are many types of attachment, there are also disorders known pertaining to children who have trouble creating relationships with their parents or caregiver. One being RAD or Reactive Attachment Disorder, which is the inability to form attachments to parents. This disorder (along with the Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder) …show more content…

By doing this, a baby’s dependence on their parents, allows him or her to explore their environment. Two reasons infants and children can be robbed of a healthy attachment are, because they’ve been placed into foster care or they have been neglected or abused. Because of this a child’s normal development is being tampered with causing emotional disorders like RAD (Stinehart, Scott and Barfield, 2012). RAD involves levels of pathogenic care that contribute to the development of this disorder, which include; separation from or absence of a caregiver or pain in infancy or childhood. Along with the pathogenic care, there are two primary subtypes of RAD. The first subtype is called; emotionally withdrawn or inhibited patterns of RAD, which consists of a child showing minimal to no attachment behavior. According to Stinehart, Scott and Barfield, a child with this disorder may show the lack of interchange of emotion or difficulty regulating their emotions in general. This subtype relates back to the lack of a reliable primary caregiver. The second subtype of RAD is the indiscriminate or disinhibited type. A child with this diagnoses constantly fails to show developmental hesitation around unfamiliar adults. They may also approach strangers to seek attention or physical comfort or

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840 Words | 4 Pages

Some children that have been grossly mistreated, neglected or abused fail to create secure attachments. Secure attachment is vital to the formation of the Childs sense of self and others that pave the way and sets up the course that guides the emotional and behavioral reactions that follow him through life (Hornor, 2008). It has been shown that failure to have positive experiences as well as abuse and neglect causes those memory systems to be filled with fear, mistrust and rejection (Mikic & Terradas, 2014). Since children with RAD learn at an early age not to trust their primary caregivers to attend to their needs, they learn how to fend for themselves which leads to many antisocial behaviors that continue into adulthood. Studies have shown that children with Reactive Attachment Disorder have neurological

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