In the book A Lesson Before Dying, the author Ernest J. Gaines outlines the development of Grant Wiggin, a schoolteacher who has trouble finding his identity in the authoritarian environment of the segregated south. Throughout the book, Grant changes from cynicism to a sense of responsibility and hope, which demonstrates personal growth and border themes of dignity, race, and humanity. In the beginning, Grant used sarcasm as a defense mechanism to cope with the oppressive system around him. For example, when the superintendent visited the school, Grant ironically made remarks on the man's “humanitarianism,” which showed Grant's bitterness toward a system that treats him and his students like animals (Gaines 56). Grant's sarcasm is a statement …show more content…
Grant’s relationships with family members, particularly Tante Lou and Emma, reflect his internal conflict. On a drive to Henri Pichot’s plantation, Grant chose a bumpy, rutted road, saying he was "not aiming for the ruts, but he wasn’t avoiding them either" (Gaines 17). This moment symbolizes his passive acceptance of his situation. By not avoiding the ruts, Grant is essentially choosing to accept his circumstances rather than confront them. His sense of isolation is further highlighted when he tells Emma, “I don’t know how to make you understand” (Gaines 37), revealing his disconnection from the people who care about him. As the narrative progresses, Grant’s attitude begins to shift, particularly through his interactions with Jefferson, a condemned man. At first, Grant views Jefferson’s case as a burden, but as he spends more time with Jefferson, he realizes the importance of his role in restoring Jefferson’s dignity. When he tells Jefferson, “You are a man”. I want you to see yourself as a man” (Gaines 143), Grant encourages Jefferson to reclaim his humanity while also coming to terms with his own sense of