Adler's Theory Of Striving For Superiority

Adler in 1956 first of all consider “ Striving for superiority” as a sign for the person’s works to come up with the inability that emerged from the childhood’s experiences, this action slowly turns into feelings of overriding. Feelings of overriding in Adler’s theory come from sense of underestimation during childhood. These two feelings are not separable, and Adler believed that the feelings of underestimation and overriding are in a cycle throughout one’s life. The final outcome of this cycle is the person tries his best to boost up and optimize his performance.

The main characteristic of a human is to become the best. By being the best means to override our current position. It is not synonymous with having the leadership, outstanding

323-335).

2.2.4 Models of Perfectionism

Up to now only one model has been introduced for reasons of perfectionism, this model is based upon parental factors from results of experiments. Flett and Hewitt (2002), for supporting their theory about the existing of three types of perfectionism (individual-based, others-based, and social-based) present the Evolutionary Model. You can see the model in the following figure.

Flett and Hewitt (2002) said that there are three domains which are among the dangerous factors for the creation of perfectionism; like, Parental, Environmental, and Individual Factors.

First for the Parental Factors of perfectionism, it form when the child has autocratic parents that want high levels of performance and they themselves also follow ambitious and high standards. Flett and Hewitt said that modeling starts with perfectionistic parents.

Second, about the Individual-based factors of the child, those children who are very impressible from the society, have higher levels of possibility to become perfectionist. Other factor is their Mood, which the perfectionist’s mood has high levels of Emotionality and

it seems that this model is much comprehensive and can include the descriptions of the first model. Because this model focuses on the maintaining factors of perfectionism is very helpful. So it has lots of connections with maintaining factors. The cognitive- behavioral cures had great impact on healing psychological problems, because of that cognitive-behavioral cure can also be heal the perfectionistic patients. Shafran, Cooper and Fairburn (2002) give a definition of this structure and base on their belief that perfectionism is an individual-based system, named it as psychological perfectionism. they define perfectionism as:” severe dependence upon self-assessment following one’s personal and self-imposed at least in one domain, against its’ negative consequences” (p. 778).

2.2.5 Perfectionism maintaining factors

From the Shafran, Cooper & Fairburn (2002) points of view there are some processes which originate from central psychological disorders that cause perfectionism to