African Immigrant Impact

population-over 41.7 million people” (“Demographics”). “Black immigrants in the United States migrate from adverse set of countries, including countries in the Caribbean, Central America, South America, Europe, and Africa” (Hamilton, 2013, p. 817). According to Hamilton (2014), “Black immigrants, who emigrate primarily from Africa and the Caribbean, are an important part of the overall flow of immigrants to the United States. In 1960, approximately 60,000 black immigrants resided In the United States. By 2005, this population had grown to more than 2.8 million (Kent, 2007). Black immigrants have also contributed substantially to the growth of the country’s overall black population, accounting for more than 17 percent of its growth in the 1990 sand more than 20 percent in the 2000” (p. 817). “Many contemporary immigrants arrive in the United States with relatively low levels of education, little or no health insurance coverage, and low incomes. Despite these characteristics, which are typically associated with poor health, some immigrant subgroups upon arrival in the country report better health than their U.S.-born counterparts” (Hamilton, 2014, p.

“Lynching was the most severe and the most common punishment for any trivial offence, even after liberation from slavery. Lynching was enforced on the blacks for “ridiculous charges as standing too close to the street to a white person or being too friendly with a white person” (2012, p. 36). Sakthi and Thangarai (2012) states that, “Discrimination in employment and occupation takes many forms and occurs in all kinds of work settings. It entails treating people differently because of certain characteristics, such as race, color or sex, which results in the impairment of equality of opportunity and treatment. In other words, discrimination results in, and reinforces, inequalities. With discrimination the freedom of human beings to develop their capabilities and to choose and pursue their professional and personal aspirations is restricted without regard for ability. Skills and competencies cannot be developed, rewards to work are denied, and a sense of humiliation, frustration and powerlessness takes over” (p. 33). According to William Rodgers (2008), “African Americans have less tenure and experience, face discrimination in the labor market” (p. 382). “The Monetary Policy has a positive effect on the labor market outcomes” (2008, p. 382).

“The oppressions are traced to the slave past when the poor Africans were uprooted from their land, language and families and sold away in an alien land. Their miserable slavery in America where they were kept chained, whipped, lynched, underpaid and underfed is brought into focus. They were kept in a state of continued ignorance and poverty without education. Women were abused, children separated, and their efforts to improve ruined; the Black men