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American Seapower Summary

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1- The Influence of Seapower Upon History: 1660- 1783 was written by Alfred Thayer Mahan while serving as President of the United State Naval War College in 1890. Mahan believed that a nation’s economic and political strength can be secured from obtaining a strong naval command. By maintaining a merchant fleet to transport goods overseas, a strong combat fleet to protect the goods, and a system of international naval bases to supply both would gain access to foreign markets and unleash worldly power.

The book quickly became the topic of conversation as it detailed key factors including geography, government, national character, and population affected naval power. Mahan’s work not only influenced American Presidents but other foreign …show more content…

In the late 19th century European Powers were staking their claims to all parts of Africa. With most of the coast already claimed by 1890, the Congo Basin and the Upper Nile was the next focus. At the time, both the British and the French had ideas for a Trans-African Empire; British from south to north and the French from west to east. Eventually their paths would meet. And they did; in Fashoda. Jean- Baptiste Marchand led an expedition to establish a French presence along the Upper Nile as a result from the French parliament’s disapproval of the lack of British withdrawal from Egypt following the failure with Gordon at Khartoum. Traveling through over 250 miles of high grass between the Congo and the Nile, Marchand carried with him150 men, mostly Senegalese men and a few French officers. In addition, there were porters to transport a series of small boats and the parts to Faidherbe, an 80 foot steam …show more content…

During the 1905 Russo-Japanese war the only item that seemed to perform well was the Trans-Siberian railway supplying troops thousands of miles from Saint Petersburg. In the aftermath, everything from revolts to the Revolution of 1917 occurred. Furthermore, is displayed the weakness of autocracies like Russia’s who could not engage and unify the entirety of its people. Even more so, the effects of the war were felt with Russia’s allie; France. With Russia’s defeat and Germany not threatened by its eastern borders, France was once again vulnerable. France and Great Britain realizing its vulnerability to Germany as it was regaining power and the Triple Alliance formed the Anglo-Franco Alliance; ending Britain’s “splendid isolation”. The Anglo- Franco Alliance began in 1904 and then the Anglo-Russian Alliance following in 1907. This began the dividing of allies for the First World

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Lane, Kris E. Pillaging the Empire: Piracy in the Americas 1500-1750 (M.E. Sharpe Inc., 1998). Kris E. Lane’s Pillaging the Empire: Piracy in the Americas 1500- 1750 focuses on Spain and Portugal’s encounters with pirates in the Americas during the early modern era. Lane diverges from traditional history on piracy through his attempt to place pirates in a world-historical perspective and he emphasizes how pirates were motivated by their desire for money rather than patriotic motives. Lane is a professor of Colonial Latin American History at Tulane University. The purpose of Pillaging the Empire is to provide a chronological survey of piracy in the Americas and introduce maritime predation in Spain’s colonial holdings between 1500 and1750.

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When comparing Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson’s stance on foreign and domestic policies, there are similarities and differences. One iconic phrase we associate with Roosevelt, “speak softly and carry a big stick,” justly depicts his stance on foreign policy. Roosevelt sought after prestige for America, desiring to stand out among the nations in power and strength. At times, Roosevelt’s foreign pursuit was aggressive and resulted in conflict such as the Spanish-American War, and resistance to Roosevelt’s Corollary. But it did lead to advances of the construction of the Panama Canal, and the absorption of power over the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, Cuba and Hawaii.

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While he applauds Lt. George Emmons’ History of the United States Navy for the depth of its information, he calls it “not interesting to the average reader” (13). His harshest criticism is pointed towards British author William James. T.R. found James’ Naval History of Great Britain to be far from impartial, referring to it as “a piece of special pleading by a bitter and not over-scrupulous partisan” (XXV). Roosevelt will spend a lot of ink “correcting” what he believes are James’ mistakes. Thus Roosevelt’s aims are clear- write an exhaustive account that lacked the nationalistic slant of previous works.

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Turner would provide the United states with a new foreign policy that was implanted at the end of the 19th century, leading the United states to become involved in Asia and the pacific Islands in

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Document A ‘‘European Alliances, 1914’’ shows us the different types of alliances that nations had with each other. Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy were known as the Triple Alliance. There was also the Triple Entente, an alliance between France, Great Britain and Russia. Alliances helped cause the war because nations would be against each other and they would also want to be dominant. Although there were many reasons that caused World War I, Militarism, Imperialism, and Allies were the main factors.

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Imperialism was a controversial idea that a nation can extend its power outward through means of diplomatic or military force. This often results in a shift of power from one major force currently in control to another. The people of that nation under control conflict may also experience wars, rebellions, or cultural destruction. Looking at some of these events, we see some positives and negatives of imperialistic action taken by the United States, and how it affected the nations imperialized by the United States. For starters, let’s look at Hawaii’s annexation.

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Alliances are formed for different reasons such as the need for financial or military support, trade agreements, investments or loans. Alliances became strong in the early 1800s when european nations either wanted to support French dictator Napoleon Bonaparte or they wanted to defeat him. Alliances weakened in the mid 1800s, but strengthened again in the late 1800s. The Triple Alliance of 1882 was an alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, fueled by anti- French and anti-Russian feelings. The Triple Entente of 1907 was a three way agreement between Britain, France, and Russia.

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Before they reached Kenya, when the British got to the Dark Continent they first went through

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The Black Man’s Burden In the late-nineteen century, the term new imperialism became an element of politics implemented by many European powers to impose their supremacy around the globe. Between 1870 and 1914, as a result of the Great Depression (1873-1879), imperialistic powers such as Britain, France, Germany, and Belgium, constructed colonies and protectorates in Asia and Africa in order to exploit their resources and their labor . After the decline of the transatlantic slave trade by the late 1860s, a change occurred around 1880 when France and Britain led European nations in the “scramble of Africa,” which divided the continent from 1880 to 1914. Indeed, after king Leopold II of Belgium conquered most of the Congo River with the excuse of promoting

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In this volume, Mahan reflected upon both successful and unsuccessful naval engagements of the past to inaugurate a new American naval doctrine. Mahan’s plan to win wars, was to gain and maintain sea control. In order to accomplish this, he believed that sea communications— the routes and paths taken— would be the most influential factor. Once a navy controls or restricts another’s communications, the controlling party gained the “weather gauge.” Upon gaining this upper hand, the armada was to begin its

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So Europe invaded Africa, took possession of Africa, and divided Africa into colonies of Europe. The period of invasion, lasting some twenty years, was more or less completed by 1900. There followed a longer period, between sixty and ninety years, of direct European rule, called colonial rule. This was a time of profound upheaval for all of Africa’s peoples. It brought irreversible changes” (4).

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knew that if they wanted to become a respected world power then they were going to need to acquire a global military presence. An American leader by the name of Alfred Thayer Mahan, a naval strategist and the author of The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, argued that national prosperity and power depended on control of the world 's sea-lanes. "Whoever rules the waves rules the world," Mahan wrote. To become a major naval power, the United States began to replace its wooden sailing ships with steel vessels powered by coal or oil in 1883. But control of the seas would also require the acquisition of naval bases and coaling stations.

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World War I is often associated with trench Warfare and battles on the land, with very little thought given to the importance of naval warfare. Beginning with the Anglo-German Naval Race (1898-1912), Germany began building up their High Seas Fleet to challenge the Grand Fleet (“Anglo-German Naval Race”). Britain had been the World’s only international naval superpower for well over 100 years until Germany decided to challenge their dominance. Shortly after the start of World War I, the Anglo-French Naval Convention (1914) was signed, which greatly shaped Allied naval strategy. In 1914, Britain put a distant blockade on Germany, which allowed them to control exits from the North Sea and damaged both Germany’s economy and War effort (Roskill 4: 533).

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The only thing Europeans loved more than political power was increasing their trade. In the 1800’s European nations had a desire to get a lead to widespread imperialism in Africa. With the end of slavery in 1833, European interest in Africa shifted to seizing colonies. King Leopold of Belgium acquired a private country in Africa that was 95 times bigger than Belgium and his purpose was to make money by taking out ivory and rubber.

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The First World War emerged from a series of events mainly the first and second Moroccan crisis of 1906 and 1911 respectively. This tested the alliance of France, Britain and Russia also known as the triple entente. During the first phase France suffered major losses in the Battle of Verdun as well as the Trench War. The Van Schlieffen Plan would have been successful had it not been for the measures France took in changing its foreign policy in the international system. France made promises to both the Italians and Serb-Croats in regards to Dalmatia disregarding the Austro-Hungarian territory.

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