Wolfe discusses the evolution of the methods used by European colonists to eliminate the Native Americans and take control and settle in their lands. He plots the shifting course of the strategies used to incorporate Indians into US society, going in chronological order. He starts by discussing Indian Removal becoming obsolete. He then describes the system of allotment, where Indians were given individuals plots of land to farm and manage. Finally, Wolfe discusses Blood Quantum, the method of evaluating one’s “Indian-ness.”
The existence of tribal sovereignty over hundreds of years has sparked the assimilation that the doctrine of American Indians is not only a lawful perception, but also an essential component that defines the evolution of our country. Tribal sovereignty addresses the right for tribes to govern themselves (Internet citation) and for them to mandate their property and their land’s decisions, but if so is the case, why have infinite number of tribes been removed from their territories? Without a doubt, this paper will explore and argue how our country has been affected because of unfair laws and policies that have unreasonably been established to tribes. In order to justify this argument, I will discuss the concerns revolving the Doctrine Discovery,
Erin Hanson’s article “The Indian Act” can be found on the Indigenous foundations section on the University of British Columbia’s website. Hanson’s article highlights what the inspiration and contributing factors were in the making of the Indian act. In the article Hanson argues “while the Indian Act has undergone numerous amendments since it was first passed in 1876, today it largely retains its original form” (Hanson 2009). The Indian act was passed in 1876, however this was after the Gradual Civilization Act of 1857.
Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America by Christina Snyder emphasizes on the importance of the of the pre-existing system and the evolution on the Native American social structure in how race was understood among the Native Americans. The book addresses that before the mid-eighteen hundred, the south was a different place where hundreds of Natives groups controlled the Native ground. Snyder’s thesis is identified in her introduction; she supports the idea of Indian slavery in the colonial world and how the indigenous societies were embedded with the idea of race. Captives were a way in which indigenous practice slavery; they saw the captives as a lesser person in the Indian societies. “ Captives was not a static institution for Indians, but rather a practice that they adopted over time to meet changing needs and circumstances.”
Hilary Weaver argues in her piece of writing; that identifying indigenous identity is complex, complicated, and hard to grasp when internalized oppression and colonization has turned Native Americans to criticize one another. Throughout the text, Weaver focuses on three main points which she calls, the three facets. Self-identification, community identification, and external identification are all important factors that make up Native American identity. The author uses a story she calls, “The Big game” to support her ideologies and arguments about the issue of identity. After reading the article, it’s important to realize that Native American’s must decide their own history and not leave that open for non-natives to write about.
The relationship between the United States and the Native American tribes has never been a supportive one, challenging at best. In the past 200 years the relationship between the two has put pressure on Congress’ claim of a world power over tribes and tribal nation’s natural sovereignty, one that is even older than that of the United States of America. This tension, which comes from a sense of where the status of the Tribe fits into the United States Constitution, is creating a slippery slope for the Native American people. But in the book, the biggest question Pommersheim raises in the introduction is: can the modern Indian people escape their federally forced dependence, to become truly self-defining?
Native Americans had once dominated the land now called America, but eventually, their lives would be destroyed by European Colonization. In arrival/ settlement of Europeans, a drastic change for Native Americans occurred forcing them to submit to White settlers, choosing between assimilation into a White culture or preserving their heritage and ancestry. A number of negative results would occur including disease, loss of land, and loss right of self-governing, with no remorse to Native American culture. At this point in time five Indian tribes are recognized as civilized, those being; Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee-Cree, and Seminole Indians, because of their acceptance to the acculturation that George Washington had proposed.
The excerpts from the given articles express the opinions of three individuals who have influenced Native American history. The influences varied between both positive and negative. Nevertheless, they are all important. The words in each of the excerpts will help enlighten people on how Indians were treated. Each author approached race differently in their excerpts and had different ideas about the Indian race.
Modernity has been mainly characterized by its imperialistic policies and colonizing endeavors, which while creating the current legal organization of the world have largely marginalized the many indigenous groups who originally occupied the conquered lands (Andrews and Walton 600). Although post-modern societies have seen an increase in the awareness of these matters, American-Canadian author Thomas King has dedicated his work to throwing light on issues still not tackled. In his short story “Borders”, King tells the adventure of a Blackfoot mother and her child, who try to cross the border to the U.S. but refuse to declare their nationality. It is through his masterful choice of narrator and the careful depiction of the mother’s struggle to maintain her Blackfoot identity that the author conveys the many difficulties First Nations face in their effort to keep their heritages alive.
The Indian Act was constructed to reflect the Canadian government’s primary goal of assimilation. The government anticipated that the process of organized assimilation through legislation would reduce the number of status Indians in Canada, remove the government from the responsibility of First Nations affairs, and make available the land that was currently reserved for First Nations. Without the responsibility of the ‘Indian problem’, the Canadian government would no longer be required to spend limited federal funds on its burdensome inhabitants. However, the ‘Indian problem’ did not go away and instead produced gender-based discrimination towards the women of Canada’s First Nations communities, resulting in a loss of status, status rights, and identity for generations to come.
The Cherokee were a tribe of Indians who were affected by the Indian removal acts of the early 1800’s. The Cherokee showed multiple signs of being “civilized” towards the Americans. For example, the Cherokee expressed claimed the “Federal government they were obligated to honor the treaties guaranteeing the sovereignty to the Cherokee”(6). This is important because it demonstrates the fact the Cherokee can claim their sovereignty over a section of land. The sovereign rights of the Cherokee could also suggest that they are ready to participate in a civilized life showing their assimilation to the Americans.
John Wayne Gacy vs. Mary Bell Ms. Stubbs-Mesumbe Business Law Jazmin Valverde November 27, 2015 In this paper, I will be comparing both two similar cases of serial killers, for example, how was their own early life, the reason behind the murder, and their conclusion towards the crime. First of all, these two individuals have a similar type of child abuse in their early years that might have triggered something sooner or later in years. There’s a time difference between these two individual when they committed the crime but, the reason will bring us to our second reason. Secondly, the reason would be the cause of why they committed the crime would be about their horrible experience as a younger child.
The Author explores this cultural irregularity in an attempt to shed light on how stereotypes and true Indian experiences have constantly competed for dominance in the aftermath of the military subjugation of Native America
In 1910, James Mooney made the first scholarly estimate of the indigenous population. He believed that in 1491, North America had 1.15 million people living there. Given his reputation, many accepted his estimates to be facts. However, as time progressed, other estimates were made, despite Mooney’s claims. In 1966, for example, Henry F. Dobyns published “Estimating Aboriginal American Population: An Appraisal of Techniques With a New Hemispheric Estimate” in Current Anthropology.
Science journalist, Charles C. Mann, had successfully achieved his argumentative purpose about the “Coming of Age in the Dawnland.” Mann’s overall purpose of writing this argumentative was to show readers that there’s more to than just being called or being stereotyped as a savage- a cynical being. These beings are stereotyped into being called Indians, or Native Americans (as they are shorthand names), but they would rather be identified by their own tribe name. Charles Mann had talked about only one person in general but others as well without naming them. Mann had talked about an Indian named Tisquantum, but he, himself, does not want to be recognized as one; to be more recognized as the “first and foremost as a citizen of Patuxet,”(Mann 24).
