Annotated Bibliography

Articles:

Achebe, Chinua. "An Image of Africa." Research in African Literatures 9.1, Special Issue on Literary Criticism (1978): 1-15. JSTOR. Web. 29 Dec. 2015. .

The Nigerian professor Chinua Achebe is a poet and a writer also known as being the father of the African literature. In this article, like many post-colonial writers, he accuses Conrad's Heart of darkness of being racist. It had a huge impact on Heart of Darkness studies and changed the way that is was read. He supports his claim with examples of the text and the harsh description of Africa as the opposite of Europe, thus of civilization. He is also outraged because of the description of African people who are described as barbaric and savages. He even argues that Conrad is Marlow

The Nigerian writer talks about the challenges that his people met during and after colonization and the difficulties in forging their cultural identity. Here again, Achebe talks about Heart of Darkness to show the harm that Europeans did to the Africans. Another issue he mentioned is the oppression and racism that the black people endured in the past and even today. He wants to fight the stereotypes that many have on his people. In other words, he wants the Africans to be regarded as simply human beings and to start to listen to them, to listen to the weaker. The video is accessible to everyone who is interested to learn more about Achebe's insights on such important issues. After watching the interview, I understood the different challenges that the Africans have endured in the past and continue to suffer even today because of the ideas given by books that are full of racism and presenting Africa as the back of the world. This is why Achebe’s strong attacks on Conrad’s novella are completely

It studies the end of the novel that shows three various endings depicting a nationalist, adversarial and meta-history perspectives. Through the death of Okonkwo who represents the Igbo tribe, the article demonstrates how the colonial rule annihilates the Igbo culture and how its people has succumbed to their own collective suicide by submitting to the British force. In addition, we can understand that the tragic ending of Okonkwo is understood as a European victory and not as African great suffering. In addition, the article points out to Achebe's emphasize on Europe's illusion of understanding the Igbo culture. More interestingly, Achebe offers a powerful response to Heart of Darkness by alluding to the ignorance of the Europeans that is achieved through the District Commissioner's description as a fool, his personal ignorance, and his own political interests. It is a reliable recent source, written by a well-known professor who is greatly interested in post-colonial literature. It goes beyond a superficial view that sees the ending of Things Fall Apart without ambiguity, thus providing relevant information about Achebe's efforts to discredit to those writings that have treated Africa as a dark