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Annotated Bibliography On Racial Inequality

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Racial inequality has continuously played a major factor in employment, housing, and other social situations and has sparked more study by scholars into the role that discrimination plays and if actually has a role in the problems we see today. The article discusses how it believes discrimination may be motivated by thing like stereotypes and racism but discrimination does not have one outstanding cause that stands out above the rest explaining why it happens. The scholars in this article separate the definition of racial discrimination into two parts “ differential treatment and disparate impact.” Differential treatment happens when the individual facing discrimination is being treated unequal because of his or her race. Disparate …show more content…

The amount of discrimination that is reported does not drop depending on whether you’re a high class or working class individual. Middle class African Americans are just as likely to face as much discrimination as a working class African American( Feagin and sikes 1994, Kessler et al. 1990). According to the article because of this racial inequality those that are victims of racial inequality are more likely to develop mental health problems like depression and anxiety, which can impact the individuals success in his education and work pursuits. Ways the scholars researched this issue was conducting employee surveys and asking them about their view on their fellow co-worker and in person interviews. They could see if hiring decisions were based on race or if the employers had any prejudices. The scholars also investigated to see if they could find inequality between different groups in the housing, social, and economic …show more content…

They found that the call back rate was 50% higher for the whites. Wilson et al. (1995) discovered that black male high schools are 70% more likely to deal with unemployment compared to their white counterparts and that when men average 15% higher wages than blacks. In the years between 2000-2002 due to difficulty for blacks finding employment the department of Housing and Urban Development found that blacks faced discrimination financing decent homes and were forced into poorer neighborhoods. The authors found that whites have 12 times more the wealth of African americans and that blacks & Hispanics face high levels of rejection rates for mortgages as well (Oliver & Shapiro 1997). Even when you look at consumer markets scholars find that from using info from over 400 fast food restaurants that linked with the 1990 census data that blacks living in certain areas have a 5 percent increase in the price of meals. As you can see many factors and sectors tell you the common inequality between racial/ethnic groups is very complex and its really hard to see the influences of why these stats are alarming. It hard because these stats only look at groups not the individual

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484 Words | 2 Pages

The same is true for African American individuals in the work force. The workforce claims to give everyone a fair and equal hand, but often times African Americans are given the short end of the stick. This lack of opportunity leads me to question the structural conditions that have created cultural patterns that reinforce disadvantage. The structural issues of inequality in the workforce lead many individuals to have a stigma towards African American individuals. This stigma taint’s society’s view towards this group and allows them to make judgements on other aspects of their lives.

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560 Words | 3 Pages

Inequality and race are often closely linked and have been an important part of history. In some severe cases, something as irrational as racism is keeping people in poverty and not allowing proper access to healthcare, proper schooling, and necessary nourishment. Through looking at the various graphs a common trend can be acknowledged. The trend is that people who aren’t of the Caucasian race are being paid significantly less. This injustice is causing people, on average to have more debt because of a lower family income.

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264 Words | 2 Pages

In the article, John Hunt College Degree Can’t Close Racial Gap by Michael Luo it shows ever since the founding and development of this young nation minorities are more often challenged more vigorously in terms of possible candidacy for employment. Every year a large percentage of college graduates join the workforce and as result the unemployment rates among minorities with degrees increase drastically. Many believe that these graduates are not aggressive in finding a job, however many fail to realize that it is not about individuals, or individual effort, there is evidence that in the job application process, racism is alive and well in today 's labor market. Various minorities go to top colleges, yet a black-name resume is less likely to

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738 Words | 3 Pages

Even if you are one of the poorest people in the town, if you are white, then you are still more significant in the social classes than a black person. Today, people are going through the same racial discrimination that was happening so long ago and will happen till the day our world is nonexistent anymore. In our society, people are judged for many things they can’t change. In the article, “Inequality, Race, and Remedy,” there was a study done that sent out approximately 1,300 résumés to apply for the same job.

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250 Words | 1 Pages

One can’t help but wonder why? In his 2009 essay about discrimination and illegal immigration, Earl Hutchinson, an African American author who focuses on political and racial issues in America, considers the current stereotype of black people in America and how it impacts hiring discrimination. He shares that

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886 Words | 4 Pages

Imagine earning less money than someone with a different hair color, even if the same amount of effort was put into a job, or not being able to do something all because a group of people with the same hair color said only they can do that something. This is an example of what racial inequality feels like. A majority ruling and creating certain rules that are unjust. Just because a majority has a decision on an issue, it doesn’t mean that the majority is right. This what Henry Thoreau is trying to clarify in his writing Civil Disobedience; “when the power is once in the hands of the people, a majority are permitted, and for a long period continue, to rule, is not because they are most likely to be in the right, nor because this seems fairest to the minority, but because they are physically the strongest” (Thoreau 4).

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439 Words | 2 Pages

During the 1930’s the Federal Housing Authority partnered with banks and backed loans on houses in order to encourage more people to buy houses (27:11). The FHA was able to bring the down-payment needed to tavke out a mortgage from 50% to 10-20%, and the amount of time needed to pay it from 5 years to 30 years (27:54). There were particular people that were allowed this opportunity and those were White people. Neighborhoods with primarily minorities were said to be volatile to invest in and therefore were “red-lined” by organizations such as The National Appraisal System (33:12).

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908 Words | 4 Pages

Only 75 percent of blacks have received post-high school education, compared to 85 percent of whites. Not surprisingly, blacks on average also make less money than whites” (Philip M. Deutsch). It’s unjust that people of color are treated as inferior to white people, and it is that kind of social issue that interferes with the liberties of all Americans of

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1384 Words | 6 Pages

A study indicates that dark-skinned African Americans face a distinct disadvantage when applying for jobs. Matthew Harrison, a doctoral student at UGA undertook the first significant study of "colorism" in the workplace. He found that a light-skinned black male can have only a bachelor's degree and typical work experience and still be preferred over a dark-skinned black male with an M.B.A. and past managerial positions, simply because expectations of the light-skinned black male are much higher, and he doesn't appear as “menacing' as the darker-skinned male applicant.” This finding is possibly due to the common belief that fair-skinned blacks probably have more similarities with whites than do dark-skinned blacks, which in turn makes whites feel more comfortable around them. (Harrison

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657 Words | 3 Pages

There are still factors that have only been erased on the surface but still play a large role in the way that people of color are treated in America, and dictate to a certain extent, compromise the “freedom” that people have. On the other hand, we have white America, who have heightened chances of achieving anything that they please. This does not apply to every white American, as there are also white Americans who are living on or below the poverty line, and much like everybody else must put in a lot of effort to reach certain heights, however they have an advantage over all other denomination of people known as “white privilege” which are the societal benefits that people who can be categorized as “white” enjoy over the rest of the population and in the end, have a higher social status. Ultimately, people of color must work harder, and face many more setbacks in their climb to success than white Americans do, which is not fair,

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1007 Words | 5 Pages

The start of the twentieth century marked the rise of activism for African Americans. As early as the First World War in 1914, African American began to migrate from the South to the North with hopes of escaping the hostile racial climate in the South and obtaining employment opportunities. However, even in the North, African Americans were amid a hostile environment as whites became resentful due to threat of competition for employment and rate of pay. Tension enviably rose between whites and blacks, but with the growing African American population, predominant figures emerged to combat against the racial inequalities. While African Americans migrated from the South to the North, the racial inequalities and violence enabled African Americans

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733 Words | 3 Pages

However, with diversity comes inequalities that people of color face throughout their lives. A particular issue in the United States, specifically in education, is unequal opportunities and treatment in regard to race. Research shows that students from single-parent black families had a high chance of dropping out and participating in illicit behavior (Hallinan 54). While the issue of race is a complicated issue to breach for

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614 Words | 3 Pages

In another study, Biernat and Kobrynowicz (1997) stated that African‐American job applicants were subjected to severe standards of competence than white applicants. A study by Greenhaus and Parasuraman (1993) showed that the achievements, abilities and efforts of black managers were given less credit than with the achievements of white

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1358 Words | 6 Pages

The white race dominates the United States, making them superior over minorities. Especially since the country was founded during times of racism, it can be seen that racism is also embedded in all social institutions and structures, as seen by Nicki Lisa Cole. As a result, this gives whites privileges that people of color do not have. On average, whites get paid significantly more than minorities, especially blacks, causing the wage gap. A graph provided by Tanzina Vega shows that the difference in wage gap between black and white workers is 26.7%, and continuously widens as time passes.

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1863 Words | 8 Pages

Racial Discrimination: influence on Society Throughout history, racial discrimination has been an issue all over the world and still is currently. Racial discrimination is being treated as less than another person for their skin color, ethnicity, or immigrant status. There has been a number of ways to discriminate over the years. For example, not hiring someone for a job because their skin color, harassing someone over a disability, or having favoritism like skin or religion in a workplace environment. Racial discrimination is a mayor conflict in society because it spreads hate, ignorance, and the insensitivity of the real issue people go through every day.

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