Stem cells differ from all other cells, as they possess the remarkable capability to evolve into specialized cells that will carry out specific roles in different areas of the body. Stem cells are the basis of all cells throughout the body that carry out particular distinct functions. As shown in Figure 1, when stem cells divide, they are able to either differentiate into new cells with specialized functions, or to create more stem cells in a process called self-renewal. Stem cells are unique to other cells in the fact that they can replicate themselves through self-renewal; other cells in the body, such as muscle cells or nerve cells, do not share this ability. Research on stem cells has expanded extraordinarily, and researchers have found …show more content…
Since the eye is such a complicated organ, there are many potential problems associated with damage to any part of it. Parts of the eye include the cornea, lens, retina, and optic nerve. Cells in each of these specific areas in the eye each have a specialized function and work inside that area. It is difficult to treat problems associated with damage to these areas because each cell is specialized, which is why researchers are exploring the possibilities of stem cells in the treatment of eye disorders or diseases. As seen in Figure 3, researchers are currently working to effectively create new retinal nerve cells that can be used to replace damaged or dysfunctional nerve cells in the retina. Stem cell research shows great potential in improving quality of life for many patients in numerous areas of medicine, especially in the reparation and restoration of damage, disorders, or diseases of the eye. More understanding of stem cells is necessary for stem cells to be accepted as a reliable cure or treatment method for problems in the eye, but with more medical research and current studies taking place with researchers, the possibilities show positive potential. (Becker,