ipl-logo

Umasvata Sutra Summary

1570 Words7 Pages

“The Acaranga Sutra (ca. 400 BCE), a text used extensively by the Svetambaras, is the oldest surviving Jain manual, describing the rules proclaimed by Mahavira to be followed by his monks and nuns.” Umasvati, a thinker who most likely lived in the fourth century BCE, established a philosophical tactic that both sects acknowledged. In the Tattvartha Sutra, or Aphorisms on the Meaning of Reality, Umasvati concisely summaries the Jain world-view, describing karma,cosmology, morals, and the levels of spiritual achievement. Later thinkers, including Haribhadra and Hemacandra of the Svetambara tradition, and Jinasena and Virasena of the Digambara tradition, developed a wide-ranging literary corpus that includes stories, epics, philosophical treatises, and poetry (Chapple). “The path or Dharma (truth, teaching) that Mahavira advocated was one of strict asceticism, …show more content…

Instead, Jainism is “considered a transtheistic religion.” Souls and matter are believed to be eternal. “Ultimate reality for Jainism might be best identified as kevala, the supreme state in which the eternal soul is perfectly pure” (Brodd, et al). Jainism teachings are based upon the belief of ahimsa (nonviolence) and asceticism. Mahavira demonstrated this teaching and all members of Jainism continue to follow them as examples for others. In Jainism, humans consist of a soul (jiva) joint with bodily matter (ajiva). The bodily matter is believed to be what weighs the soul down and averts it from attaining spiritual perfection. This is clarified through the Jains’ doctrine of karma. (Brodd, et

Show More
Related

Summary Of Bless Me Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya

168 Words | 1 Pages

One topic the book “Bless Me Ultima” by Rudolfo Anaya talks about is the loss of childhood innocence. Antonio being so young hasn't had many encounters with problems in the world. Children are considered pure because of this. The book takes place in New Mexico, in the 1940’s. The story is based off Antonio Marez.

Read More

How Did Buddhism Dbq Essay

665 Words | 3 Pages

The Lotus Sutra, “Lotus of the True Dharma” notes the empowerment and influence from the philosophies of Buddhism as it shows the way towards Nirvana (Doc 3). The purpose of the Sutra is to convey to people of the hardships of making it to “Tathagata”, which encourages them to work harder and mature mindfully. Furthermore, the practices of Buddhism is also shown in an edict of Ashoka, the emperor of the Maurya Dynasty (Doc 6). He was a strong supporter of Buddhism and based many propagandas from the religion. His form of the religion, however, is the practice of great education and a path to happiness.

Read More

Summary Of Bless Me Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya

786 Words | 4 Pages

Bless Me, Ultima, written by Rudolfo Anaya is focused on life in the 1940s. During the 1940s, WWII shaped a big impact on the lives of citizens throughout the world, however Anaya does not focus on that fact. As a matter of fact, Rudolfo Anaya’s roots were planted in the New Mexico area, therefore Anaya wrote about the discrepancies amongst the farmers and cowboys, English-speaking and Spanish-speaking denizens, and the Spanish and the Native people. All of the troubles and conflicts epitomized the cultural life in rural New Mexico throughout the 1940s. Bless Me, Ultima is categorized under the Chicano Movement.

Read More

Comparing Christian Philosopher 'Richard Swinburne And Tim O' Connor

515 Words | 3 Pages

In this two Christian philosophers, Richard Swinburne and Tim O'Connor, discussed the concept of neuroscience and the soul. The first philosopher, Swinburne, believed in the idea of substance dualism while O’Conner supported the argument for emergent individualism. Swinburne starts off by saying one’s physical body is simply the vehicle we interact with the world while the real essence of a person lies within their soul. When it comes to Swinburne’s belief on the soul after death I am reminded of Phaedo and how death will only bring about separation of body and soul.

Read More

Dbq On Religion

642 Words | 3 Pages

This continuing cycle is called samsara, and the only escape from it is when a person reaches Moksha. Moksha is the Hindu resting place for the soul, or when a person is supposed to be united with Brahman, the Hindu God. Document 2 states, “To do that, individuals must free themselves from selfish desires that separates them from Brahman.” What life a person receives when they reincarnate is determined by a person’s karma, the consequences of one’s decisions in a future life. The kind of life people live is determined by caste, as since Hindus believe karma affects your future social status, a person is born into a caste, which is a variation of a social scale or a person’s position in society.

Read More

Analysis Of Clarence Darrow's The Myth Of The Soul

745 Words | 3 Pages

In response to the long-standing philosophical question of immorality, many philosophers have posited the soul criterion, which asserts the soul constitutes personal identity and survives physical death. In The Myth of the Soul, Clarence Darrow rejects the existence of the soul in his case against the notion of immortality and an afterlife. His primary argument against the soul criterion is that no good explanation exists for how a soul enters a body, or when its beginning might occur. (Darrow 43) After first explicating Darrow 's view, I will present what I believe is its greatest shortcoming, an inconsistent use of the term soul, and argue that this weakness impacts the overall strength of his argument.

Read More

Worm Bird In Siddhartha

509 Words | 3 Pages

Throughout Siddhartha’s journey in the outer-world, he witnesses several negative events, such as the elderly man who then got sick and later died, but he also saw light at the end of the tunnel for those seek to develop and expand their mental abilities through but not limited to meditation, such as the meditating monk. “He who keeps his mind on the impurities (of the body), who is well-controlled in his senses and is full of faith and energy, will certainly be not overwhelmed by Mara, just as stormy winds cannot shake a mountain of rock.” (8) This elaborates on the idea that the Mara can only hurt the broken and to keep the mind whole one should meditate. Furthermore, the mental laziness the elderly man possessed affected his health in a way that correspond with the above reference to the Dhammapada. These four sights propelled Siddhartha’s life-long strive to comprehending as well as finding the elemental ideas that together make life.

Read More

Compare And Contrast Pzarro And The Conquistadors

518 Words | 3 Pages

Pizarro and the Conquistadors came to view the Inca civilization as a utopia where they could establish their power and control over for personal gain. The conquest would lead to drastic change that would forever change the future of the region and continent. The role of the catholic religion justified the often inhumane acts such as rampant murder and abuse of the native population with the grounded justification that they [the conquistadors] were performing a service in the name of god. “as human beings, Indians were not exempt from original sin...abhorrent customs, sexual practices, family structure, religious rituals, and presumed human sacrifices were all sinful” (pg 21). The quote demonstrates just one of the many ‘justifiable’ reasons the conquistadors felt that their acts of violence were

Read More

Sikhism, Mormons, Jehovah's Witness

418 Words | 2 Pages

The to three Religions that I received as my results were Sikhism, Mormons, Jehovah’s Witness. Sikhs believe in deity: God almighty is impersonal, formless ultimate reality and he is the creator. God reveals and manifest himself through all in the universe, but not finite form can be worshipped as god, who is infinite. They believe that after death one’s soul is continually reborn until liberated by the grace of god, at which time the soul merges with god. They don’t believe in the original sin or Satan, they believe that god created all and gave people free will.

Read More

Karen Armstrong Void Analysis

1011 Words | 5 Pages

Karen Armstrong and Robert Thurman wrote their essays, “Homo religiosus” and “Wisdom”, respectively, describing two words, “being” and “void”. These words, although have opposite meanings, describe the same spiritual experience that come about through different means. By definition, “being” is a kind of fullness or completeness of existence and “void” is emptiness or a negation of existence. Armstrong believes that “being” is the equivalent of the Buddhist’s “Nirvana” while Thurman believes that “void” is the equivalent of the Buddhist’s “Nirvana”. Although these terms seem to be opposite in the literal sense of defining them, they lead to the same outcome: not being at the center of one’s own universe.

Read More

Adam And Eve In The Odyssey

1379 Words | 6 Pages

The Adams and Eves of the fifth dimension and beyond, being incapable of negative thought, enjoy a world of of love, harmony and constant peace. In contrast, the Adams and Eves in the fallen category, continue to view life through the prism of duality, perceiving the outside world as light and dark, day and night, good and bad, up and down and rich and poor. The thinking mind is the basis of Karma. At the root of your thinking mind is the choice you and you alone own—the choice to be present in your thoughts.

Read More

Buddha Research Paper

1511 Words | 7 Pages

In Hinduism, depending on if you were good or bad in your life, you would be reincarnated as a different living thing. So, if you were a bad, poor person, you could be reincarnated as a dog, cat, tree, flower, insect, etc. If you were a good, poor person, you could be reincarnated as a prince/princess or even a god (not all Hindu gods were immortal, so you would still die eventually). Buddha himself was a Hindu follower. But after Buddha’s death, his disciples spread his teachings across the country, which soon resulted in Buddha’s teachings spreading across the

Read More

Dualism And Religion

1031 Words | 5 Pages

Though mind-body dualism may have originated independently of religion, it is logical to propose that it was devised as a source of psychological security, and religion provided a means by which the cultural worldview (and therefore psychological security) is endorsed and perpetuated. Dualism cannot be proven because the spirit exists in a realm that is non-physical. Religion, therefore, provides necessary social validation of an individual’s beliefs to increase their confidence in their worldview, because insecurity in those beliefs would not alleviate death anxiety.

Read More

Great Time Analysis

737 Words | 3 Pages

The texts main message is to explain/describe India’s diverse range of beliefs on time/cosmic time (to prove the diversity within its beliefs). To prove this, Mircea Eliade begins with defining and analyzing myths and their relation to time. Explaining that myth tears man away from his own time, and easily allows those to forget their own time in history (Eliade, 174). Alluding to the topic of ‘Great Time.’ Great Time being timeless in itself, because it cannot be measured as it has no duration.

Read More

Neo Realism And Neo-Liberalism Similarities

1282 Words | 6 Pages

Assess the claim that Neo-Realism and Neo-Liberalism have far more similarities than differences. Neo-Realism and Neo-Liberalism, two of the most influential contemporary approaches to international relations, although similar in some respects, differ multitudinously. Thus, this essay will argue it is inaccurate to claim that Neo-Realism and Neo-Liberalism have far more similarities than differences. On the contrary, it will contend that there are, in an actual fact, more of the latter than there are of the former on, for example, the nature and consequences of anarchy, the achievement of international cooperation, and the role of international institutions. Moreover, it will be structured in such a way so as to corroborate this line of argument.

Read More

More about Umasvata Sutra Summary

Related Topics

Open Document