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Australopithecual Observation Report

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One of the first known human ancestors to be recorded, Australopithecus afarensis, is the main focus of BBC’ Prehistoric Autopsy finale. The show attempts to recreate the structure of a particular set of remains named Lucy. Lucy’s skeleton bears many similar physical characteristics to modern-day humans. Lucy’s remains present the question of why our ancestors left the safety of the trees, the first evidence of bipedalism in primates, and the cost of evolving towards bipedalism on the body. Before watching the episode, I wrote some possible answers to why our ancestors left the trees, coming to multiple conclusions, such as being able to fight off the predators of the ground, innovations of tools, loss of nutrients in their tree lifestyle,
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Ancestors in Our Genome, addresses the continuingly advancing disagreement upon whom our closest ancestor is within the great apes, described as the hominoid trichotomy debate. The author, Eugene E. Harris examines many different sources of evidence within the book, and with the help of improvements in biological and DNA technology he helps discover who our closest ancestors were. Also when we were first separated from them and how the separation took place. Although there have been many recent advances in technology, a large number of unanswered questions are still a mystery within our genome and evolution from the great apes. Chapter one discusses the debate of morphology - studying fossil evidence of the great apes - versus molecular

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Article Review #3 The article “Ardipithecus ramidus: A New Kind of Ancestor: Ardipithecus Unveiled” written by Anna Gibbons, talks about how scientist learn many things about human evolution through artifacts of ancestors, DNA and bones. All of this helps reveals different things about our past and how we came to be. This article briefly mentions Lucy and it mainly focuses on the discovery of ardipithecus ramidus.

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1. How could Australopithecus have benefited from walking on two legs? (Explain at least two benefits) The two benefits of bipedalism are flexibility and having more energy efficiency. Flexibility is a key benefit of bipedalism, because it allowed Australopithecus to take advantage of more/different environment rather than one. According to the book (p.8) “The rain forest abounded with fruits and nuts, but on the other hand the woodlands offered grasses and seeds.”

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The article I have chosen was written by Helen Pilcher and is about evolution of creatures, especially for primates. However, until now, what do our very first primates were like still remain mysterious as we do not have sufficient information and evidences which are 60 million years ago. Yet, we still cannot deny that evolution occurs in creatures. No matter for humans, animals or plants, all of them will make changes because of their living habits and environment in order to survive. In this article, the author explains everything clearly about the primate evolution was taken around million years ago and ancestors are a small and nocturnal creature.

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We measured the skulls of the fossil hominins: Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Neanderthal. We measured the length, height, width and orbit height of their skulls to calculate the estimated brain size and estimated body mass. Hypothesis 1. For Life History, humans will reproduce earlier than the primates and apes because of their body mass.

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The theories of early primate evolution are Arboreal, visual predation, angiosperm hypothesis. The Arboreal theory explains primates unique traits in adaption in trees while visual predation details the

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This theory considers the movement of life from the ground into the trees as the most important catalyst in the evolution of the ancestral primate. The essential features of the primate evolved because they were necessary and therefore had greater fitness for creatures swinging from branches. The visual predation hypothesis does not seek to debunk the arboreal hypothesis, but takes note that other arboreal mammals have not evolved in the same way as primates. Cartmill pointed to animals like the squirrel which does not have features such as advanced care of young.

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These new environments made possible the evolution of nonhuman primates, and influenced the evolutionary path of primates. Three common theories of early primate evolution are the Arboreal Hypothesis, the Visual Predation

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The evidence of each hypothesis does support itself, but evidence of other hypotheses has proven to disprove some theories, or just evidence found a later date after the hypothesis was proposed. The clearest and least problematic is that bipedalism was an evolutionary advantage mainly in that it was energy efficient in the locomotion, but is also supported that other traits were favorable along with bipedalism, and allowed for more advantages such as visual surveillance and thermoregulation, than disadvantages such as reduced speed and lack of mobility that each trait came from bipedalism. The advantages of bipedalism led to the trait being selected in the hominin traits and led to the homo sapiens that are found all over earth today. The advantages of bipedalism shown in these hypotheses show the traits that support bipedalism being the favorable trait appear to be the most convincing arguments until more evidence is discovered that reveals

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