What is autism? The autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a range of very complex pervasive neurodevelopmental disorders that is often characterized by difficulties in communication and language, along with repetitive and restricted behaviour. According to the DSM-IV-TR1, the spectrum includes Asperger’s Syndrome, Autism, Rett’s Syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder. Since the severity of autism is variable, the spectrum allows the classification of similar, but specific syndromes with varying complexities, symptoms and severity together. Possible causes Although there is no single known cause of autism, there is an increasing amount of evidence that suggests that autism is caused as a result of various reasons. There is a great amount …show more content…
For young children, Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) and Pivotal Response Training are more commonly used as a form of treatment. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), on the other hand, is normally used for teenagers and adults with ASD. ABA is the use of certain techniques to bring a meaningful and positive change in behaviour. It is widely recognized as a safe and effective treatment for autism and has been subsequently recommended by numerous organisations and agencies for treatment of autism. Psychopharmacological treatments Though there is no current cure or proper medication for the treatment of ASD, certain psychopharmacologic drugs are often alongside with behavioral and educational therapies to treat its comorbid symptoms such as hyperactivity, irritability, and aggression. According to various studies, at least 50% of people with ASD use certain psychotropic medications in their treatment of the disorder. However, there is no medication currently available that effectively treats the social and communication deficits that are the core of autism since no genetic or environmental causes of autism have been identified yet. The molecular mechanisms that would be a potential target when certain pharmacological medications are used are therefore still unidentified. As a result, these psychopharmacological treatments are termed as palliative treatments and behavioural interventions are more commonly used