In his article “Opinion: Proposed police reforms come from all corners, cover broad range”, Ken Armstrong ulitizes rhetoric techniques of ethos and pathos to convey in the necessity of heighted police reform across its regulations, among America. Proposals, express the necessity for inevitable change among the regulation of the national police department, “have come from scholars...and the police themselves”, those who have experienced the flaws that derive from the lack of organization among the police force in America, as they live their daily lives (Armstrong, 2016, paragraph 3). This sense of credibility that Armstrong conveys that fueled his ideas of police reform among American society, emphasizes his use of ethos to portray the importance
The author’s personal background, his familiarity with the scholarly literature on critical criminology and ethnography, and his three-year study of the 40 young men in Oakland combine to produce a significant contribution to the understanding of how our society oppresses and criminalizes young men of color. Rios’s affirmation of the humanity and aspirations of these young men is quite strong, as is his unrelenting exposé of the social processes which systematically deny their humanity and aspirations. While the grave problems of mass incarceration and police brutality have been widely discussed in numerous books and journals, the other aspects of the “youth control complex” have received less attention, and this book helps to address this gap in the literature. The author’s analysis of the role of probation officers, school officials, and even family members in the “youth control complex” is particularly informative. His discussion of the psychological and social damage inflicted on these young men by “hypercriminalization” is both revealing and
Frank Trippett, in his excerpt from “A Red Light for Scofflaws”, claims that these days, every law-abiding citizen commits crimes no matter how big or how small. First, he provides general facts about the average citizen and what they do that goes against the law. He continues by stating that more and more people are becoming criminals by their actions. Trippett’s goal is to inform the public that whether a bank is being robbed or trash is being thrown out the window, it is still a crime. The author asserts an informative and knowledgeable tone for anyone who may think the word “crime” only has a strong meaning when it is related to a life-threatening or dangerous act.
This theory was established to prevent more serious crime from occurring over time. This article examined the effects of the Broken Windows Policing Approach involving these following topics under the direction of Bill Bratton’s Tenue: implementations, success, and failures. It also demonstrates whether or not the “Broken Windows Effect” has a minimal impact on the crime rate throughout the Bill Bratton’s era and did he remained “an exemplar of “good ‘broken windows’ practice” during his two-year stretch as NYPD commissioner under Mayor Rudolph Giuliani. Based on this concept, the New York City Police Department implemented a “zero tolerance” policy for policing petty
It overlooks that in Baltimore and elsewhere, repressive policing is animated not just by a racial dynamic, but by a class dynamic. The race of the police officer doesn’t matter. The race of the major implementing the policy doesn’t matter. What matters is who enjoys a “ right to the city”— and who gets
Americans in our world today believe that “ minor” laws do not mean anything, but it is the “minor” laws that lead you to be a real criminal or lawbreaker. Frank Trippett argues in his passage, A Red Light for Scofflaws, that scofflaws should be stopped and be shown that a minor law is just as important as a violent crime. The author supports his argument by giving reasoning why people would think minor laws are not a huge deal. The author’s purpose is to show the reader that any laws against littering, speeding, or noise pollution should be serious and not treated by scofflaws. The author creates an objective tone for the people who are interested in any law-and-order.
Goetz shot the four men and became a known figure in New York for standing up against “dangerous criminals.” However, in the 1990s when Goetz went to trial court, New York’s crime rate had declined at a surprising rate and citizens viewed him as a murderer and racist for his actions on the subway. In “The Power of Context,” Gladwell expands into his own personal theories behind the city’s decline in crime. He brings attention to two hypotheses: the power of context and the broken-window hypothesis. The broken-window hypothesis was implemented by New York leaders in collaboration with the police department to take stricter action with minor crimes occurring in the city, such as graffiti and small burglaries.
I have lived in two distinct communities: the first was the small town of Moraga in the East Bay area of California, the second, and my current residence, is the city of Stockton. The former, Moraga is the epitome of white picket fence suburbia, with friendly neighbors, a high ranking public school system, and a practically non-existent crime rate. Growing up in Moraga, I was able to receive a great education, roam the streets freely with friends, and never had to fear horrors, such as, gang violence, sporadic neighborhood shootings, or drug abuse. Sadly, when I moved to the latter, most of these horrors were apparent weekly, if not daily.
“Slangin’ Rocks” Objective Summary “Slangin’ Rocks” by Robin D.G. Kelley, is an opinion essay about the treatment of “people of color” by United States law enforcement, in a historical and modern sense. The purpose of the essay is to persuade the reader to agree with the belief of the author, that U.S law enforcement treats “people of color” unfairly, and that the system itself needs to be changed. The essay begins with the author describing his own experience with law enforcement, which provides him with credibility on the topic and provides insight into why the essay was written (Kelley 21-23). The author’s personal story provides the reader with a specific example of how “people of color” are treated unfairly by law enforcement, and that
Lighters in the hands of citizens burning cars and businesses, holding a sign, “Hands Up Don’t Shoot” through the war, police on the other side holding their stance like a fence moving together against the community, who they are supposed to protect and serve, turned against them. A war that is close to home about police actions that caused outrage throughout the country. In the article, The Problem with Broken Windows (2016), “James Stewart, president of Newark’s Fraternal Order of Police… [said] that the frequent stops and citations made people mistrust the police…” According to Childress (2016), A police officer placed an individual in a chokehold suffocating him to death, for selling cigarettes on the street.
A Synthesis of “The Power of Context (Part One)” Understanding epidemics--widespread outbreaks of ideas, diseases, trends etc.--can be very beneficial, both for understanding past epidemics and for helping the spread of or prevention of future outbreaks. In Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference, Malcolm Gladwell effectively and rightly establishes his theory on epidemics--that situations have immense influences over people--in the chapter “The Power of Context (Part One).” He uses the Broken Window Theory, the Zimbardo Prison Study, and the Good Samaritan test to thoroughly prove this theory correct.
Citizens of New York saw the zero-tolerance policy as taken out of context. Former Mayor Giuliani was enforcing that police take all crimes seriously. Police would have had to enforce minor offenses as serious as major offenses, which would not be fair to citizens. “Late in Giuliani's first term, the broken-windows approach morphed into zero tolerance” (Rosen 26).
Contrary to the common belief, crime has been on the decline for the past three decades. Yet, news and media have been covering crime more than ever, resulting in the public belief that crime is at an all time high. The sharp drop in crime since the early 1990s has left experts curious to discover the reasons for the decrease in crime. As I compare the article Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s: Four Factors that Explain the Decline and Six that Do Not by Steven D. Levitt and the article Evaluating Contemporary Crime Drop(s) in America, New York City, and Many Other Places by Eric P. Baumer and Kevin T. Wolff, I will briefly describe the articles, compare their agreements and disagreements, as well as discuss my personal preferences.
Desperation and disaster happened so readily to the Joads in The Grapes of Wrath that I was desensitized into not associating faces with characters. Their sufferings became ideas and just another movement in history we needed to learn in school. Dorothea Lange’s pictures put people with the pain of the past, the desperate and destitute families tearing away from their old lives in one, overburdened car and led on by the dream of creating a new life in California. The Grapes of Wrath talked about the Joads’ packing up their entire family history into one car.
In 1880s, women in America were trapped by their family because of the culture that they were living in. They loved their family and husband, but meanwhile, they had hard time suffering in same patterns that women in United States always had. With their limited rights, women hoped liberation from their family because they were entirely complaisant to their husband. Therefore, women were in conflicting directions by two compelling forces, their responsibility and pressure. In A Doll’s House, Ibsen uses metaphors of a doll’s house and irony conversation between Nora and Torvald to emphasize reality versus appearance in order to convey that the Victorian Era women were discriminated because of gender and forced to make irrational decision by inequity society.
