Calcium Carbonate Research Paper

1.5.1. Calcium carbonate

Calcium carbonate is one of the most abundant calcium salts present in the earth's crust. Calcium is an alkaline earth metal with the atomic number 20, chemical formula Ca2+, represents about a third of the metals abundant in the earth and is essential for the life of living organisms. In fact, it is the essential component of a balanced diet, as well as the formation of bones and teeth and oversees important physiological functions (37).

Because of its chemical reactivity with water, pure calcium cannot be found in nature, except in some living organisms, where Ca2+ plays an essential role in cellular physiology. Large quantities of this metallic element are present in carbonate rocks, such as marble, limestone, gypsum

The specific surface area is between 6.21 and 6.47 m2/g and has a specific gravity of 2.7. Calcium carbonate is prepared through double decomposition of calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate in an aqueous solution. Density and fineness are governed by the concentrations of the solutions. Calcium carbonate is also obtained from the naturally occurring minerals aragonite, calcite, and vaterite. The particles of calcium carbonate are characterized, finally, by cohesive fluidity. Calcium carbonate is stable and should be stored in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry place, especially when temperature is not 1525 °C, the humidity is not

Present use of calcium carbonate in pharmaceutical field

Calcium carbonate is most commonly used in the pharmaceutical field as an active ingredient in the formulation of antacids, because it neutralizes acid rapidly, effectively and inexpensively. Calcium-based antacids are available in a wide range of preparations: tablets, liquids, soft gels, effervescent tablets and chewing gums.

In the case of hypocalcaemia, calcium carbonate is used in human food as a calcium supplement, especially in osteoporosis treatment, and in cosmetology as an excipient for the preparation of tooth pastes and beauty creams.

Several other pharmaceutical applications depend on its high calcium content (40% elemental calcium) and adsorbing power, especially when used in powders with a high surface area of particles, as well as due to its ability to act as a less expensive filler and