1. According to Robinson (2014), Cesare Beccaria who was an Italian mathematician in the 18th century and the English philosopher, Jeremy Bentham were the major contributors of the classical school of Criminology. This approach was developed explain crime and criminal behavior (Burke, H. R 2014). This suggest that the criminal behavior is a matter of personal choice that is made when a person has effectively considered the costs and benefits (Siegel, L.J. 2008). The earlier writers were concerned with the increase of various crime throughout society. The crimes included behavior such as the child molestation which was at the time something that was always kept a secret, to serial killings. The increase in the availability of drugs gave an astonishing increased in these crimes (Robinson, R 2014).
The idea of free will was developed through the Beccaria’s theory of criminal behavior which shaped the criminal justice system that is still being currently implemented. This theory proposed that the principle of pleasure-pain was the bases of human behavior, suggesting that any criminal behavior was due to the choice of freewill. He argued that this principle should determine the punishment therefore rigid agreement for all punishment of any criminal act should be placed that cannot be manipulated by any judge (Burke, H. R 2014). With
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According to Siegel, L.J. (2008) the rational choice theory views crime as the function of a decision-making process in which the potential costs benefits of an illegal act. This theory suggests that there are specific features that influences certain type of criminal behavior is due to the degree of the criminal prevention. If individuals did not fear the consequence of the crime, the people would be motivated to break the law, Siegel, L.J. (2008). This thinking introduced the concept of general deterrence which supports the logic that crime can be controlled by intensifying the actual or alleged threat of criminal