Change In Milgram's Argument Of Obedience

Throughout experiment 12-13, Milgram wondered if the person who gives the orders would change; would the amount of obedience increase? His results indicated that yes, the amount of obedience increased. In experiment 12, the learner demands to continue with the experiment. However, the experimenter told the subject to stop at 150 volts. 100% of the subjects obeyed the experimenter while discarding the learners plead to continue. In experiment 13, the same situation occurred except for the fact that the experimenter as now a “common man”. The results of obedience lowered greatly. 16 of the 20 subject refused to continue. This proved that the subject is obedient, to a person with authentic authority and not a “common man”.
For experiments 14, the authority was the victim. The same procedures followed as experiment 5. The experimenter demanded to be let out at 150 volts while the “ordinary man” insisted on continuing. The subject 100% of the subjects obeyed the experimenter.

In experiment 15, when the two authorities cannot agree and confuse the subject, Once the conflict arose, the subject became “paralyzed” and 18 of the 20 stopped the experiment. Experiment 16 also had two authority figures, however, one of the experimenters became the learner. This made no difference compared to when the learner was a “normal” person. Thus being said, the experimenter who becomes the victims, loses any authority power he had. Because of the previous experiments, Milgram came to the conclusion that “Authority systems must be based on people arranged in a hierarchy” (Milgram 112). That also arose the question “Who is over whom? How much over is far less important than the visible presence of a ranked ordering” (Milgram