In chapter 8, Graff talks about the strategies to connect each part of essay to create a complete expression. He emphasizes that connecting between sentences and sentences or phrases and phrases is important because it helps the readers clearly and obviously understand the writer’s thinking process, then obtain the writer’s purpose of writing. To create the connection, Graff mentions four strategies, containing to use transition word, to use pointing words, to repeat key team and phrase, and to repeat writer’s ideas in different methods.
Chapter 9 is about properly transform formal and unformal writing style in the academic writing. Graff first confirms the importance in using formal language, vocabulary in academic writing. But he emphasizes