Chapter Six And Nine Of Annotations By Professor Bazian

In chapters six and nine of Annotations, Professor Bazian provides a historical analysis of the dichotomies within race (in Confronting Race in America ch.9) and religion and philosophies (in “Islamic Reformation” and the West living in Our Minds ch.6). In chapter six, he explores the idea of an “Islamic Reformation,” a European idea inspired by Martin Luther’s actions and his disagreement with the Catholic Church. There has been a push for “Islamic Reformation” on the basis of political and social reformation. But as previously noted, this idea was initially introduced by Europeans. Professor Bazian argues that the way this “Reformation” has been constructed is critical because it was initiated by an external agent and it is based on a European

Professor Bazian analyzes how racism is embedded in our government. There is an entrenched resistance to integration and desecration within a large percent of the white population, especially that of the South. After the Civil War, a majority of the population refused to grant equal rights and found that through Jim Crow laws, the African American population would be detached from the general population. Because of this segregation, African Americans have seen it “transform into a structural and constant process of under-development coupled with heavy doses of violence…” (Bazian 44). This continued nuisance is even very present and notable within our laws and law enforcement departments, an issue largely due to the “failure to address structural racism and [building] on the compromises of the 1960s civil rights pacts” (Bazian 43). Unsurprisingly, Trump was not the first president to use racist and negative rhetoric when referring to a minority; President Reagan’s attacked African American “welfare mothers.” A more liberal president, Clinton, then adopted this sentiment. These sentiments were translated into policies that affected African American, thus showing the deep presence of racism within our political and governmental structure. Overall, Professor Bazian explored the issues that rise when people (i.e. African Americans and Muslims) are seen as out of the ordinary vis-à-vis the European