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Characteristics Of Northern Renaissance Art

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Part 1: How does printmaking as an artform allow the average citizen to know an artist’s work?
The development of the printing press allowed artists during the renaissance to further spread their artwork at a fast rate, while still being affordable. Printmaking as an artform had been around for centuries, however, its major development was in Europe in the fifthteenth-century. It blossomed because Johannes Gutenberg (German goldsmith and publisher in the fifteenth-century) made a working print press. The prints were very lightweight and transportable allowing them to spread around Europe: The printing press was arguably one of the most revolutionary inventions in the early modern world. Prior to Gutenberg's print press, printing had been …show more content…

It was characterised by the creation of new artistic techniques and styles as well as a resurgence of interest in ancient literature, art, and study. The following are some of the main characteristics of Northern Renaissance art: Focus on Detail: Northern Renaissance painters were renowned for their intense focus on detail, particularly when portraying living things like plants and animals. Realism: A revived interest in realism and naturalism, as well as an emphasis on the uniqueness and psychological complexity of human figures, were characteristics of Northern Renaissance painting. Usage of Symbolism: Throughout the Northern Renaissance, symbolism was frequently used in artwork to convey deeper meanings. Portraiture: Throughout the Northern Renaissance, portraits were more popular as artists began to emphasise the unique features and facial expressions of their subjects. Usage of Light and Shadow: To give their works a sense of depth and three-dimensionality, Northern Renaissance artists employed the chiaroscuro method, which involves the use of light and shadow. Humanism: Throughout the Northern Renaissance, humanistic principles were prevalent, and artists tried to portray people and their experiences as realistically and naturally as possible. Landscape: Northern Renaissance artists also paid special attention to the natural environment, as evidenced by the numerous paintings that have incredibly accurate and detailed

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Exploration or Reformation: Which Was the More Important Consequence of the Printing Press? Historians around the world believe that the printing press was one of the greatest and most rebellious advances in world history. The printing press was created around the 1450s by a goldsmith, Johannes Gutenberg. However, woodwork printing was first modernized by the Chinese in 600 CE. The Chinese experimented with this because they believed that it would be an easier way to keep their 50,000 characters rather than having to carve them.

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While both the Northern Renaissance style painting by Jan van Eyck, titled The Arnolfini Portrait, and the Baroque style painting, by Johannes Vermeer, titled Woman Holding a Balance, indeed share some similarities, like painting for wealthy merchants and not just the church or royalty, there are some noted variations in the type of form used, between the different paintings. Eyck uses lines that are solid, bold, clearly defining each element and miniscule detail of the painting. The Northern Renaissance was well known for its attention to fine details, and Eyck does a great job of displaying this with The Arnolfini Portrait. In addition, the colors used for this portrait are bold and intense. The Renaissance period is also known for being

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133 Words | 1 Pages

During the early Modern era to the present, the printing press has made a dramatic effect on the Western society. During the early modern era, the printing press was a cheap and effective way to spread the word of the Bible to anyone that could read, increase knowledge and provide education to the world. The printing press allowed people to create and copy the Bible so anyone can have access to the Bible. Along with the Bible, more books were created such as textbooks for schools, reading books for education or entertainment, research and more. As time continues on, printing press created different ways to spread information around.

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The development of new ideas about nature led many artists to a different artistic style which focused on the appearance of the natural world. The growing wealth of the middle class during this time led many people to admire the new art being created by artists like Rembrandt, Vermeer, and Hals. “In still lifes, portraits, landscapes, and scenes of everyday life... Dutch masters practiced the ‘art of describing’”(Fiero 121). The “art of describing” relates closely to the scientific method of focusing heavily on attention to detail and empirical evidence.

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Art reached new heights during the Renaissance. Many new techniques and styles emerged such as perspective, chiaroscuro, and sfumato. Before the Renaissance, artists focused primarily on religious scenes and Gothic art. During the Renaissance, artists began to focus more on realism and human qualities. Renaissance artists also began to lean towards Roman and Greek styles/ideas for inspiration.

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Reformation was an important consequence of the printing press however, an even better and more important consequence was Exploration. Exploration was clearly the most important consequence of the invention of the printing press. The explorers of Europe have claimed they were the first ones to discover the “New World.” They traveled far looking for a short route to Africa but came across something else, the Caribbean.

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One way paintings demonstrate this is the difference between the Mona Lisa and Madonna Enthroned Between Two Angels. The older painting, Madonna Enthroned Between Two Angles, is unrealistic and has rather depressing dark colors. While the Renaissance painting, the Mona Lisa, is not only much more realistic, but also a lot more cheerful, brighter feel, and became a true masterpiece (Doc A). In the paintings, the fact the Renaissance painting is brighter, more realistic and a famous masterpiece, shows that the Renaissance changed the art style into a unique, amazing representation that changed the entire future of art. The paintings from the Renaissance showed that people saw each other differently than before( Doc A).

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The Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance has similarities and differences in art, literature, and philosophy. Through their art, they both incorporated nature and emotions through religious scenery. The Northern Renaissance art movement focused on detailed observation and accuracy of the reality of the work. During the Italian Renaissance, artists put forth mainly mythology, in contrast to Northern artists who illustrated portraits and architecture in their art.

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In the time of the Middle Ages, they focused on the religious value of art, “The [clearest] evidence of the break with medieval culture comes from the visual arts.” (DocA) a popular painting of this time by Duccio Di Bouninsegna’s shows The Mother Mary with the baby Jesus on her lap. This painting was two-dimensional and had very little creativity, the painting mostly didn’t make people feel anything only had religious value. While during the Renaissance they focused on making you feel stronger feelings “[It] was the essence of the Renaissance .... One begins to know the names of the artists ... feel stronger emotions in the subjects ... ... see well-defined landscapes, natural folds in drapery, and three-dimensional figures” (Doc A).

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Renaissance to Realism To my knowledge, there are other Renaissance aside for the Italian Renaissance. In the Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance, there were several differences between each other as the Italian humanists accounted for individual and secular concerns. In contrast, the Northern humanists focused more on reforming society based on the principles of Christianity. When moving in the directions of their artists, “Italian Renaissance artists focused on the science of perspective and anatomy while Northern Renaissance artists focused on brushwork and the development of printmaking.”

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The rising merchant class and lower nobility created a demand for a more economical book. The printing press made it easy for scholars and educators to spread ideas through books and pamphlets. Consequently, small pockets of learning existed around and ideas could not travel freely. With the invention of the printing press around 1440 by Johannes Gutenberg, books could be printed faster. “Gutenberg was determined to speed up the process of the printing press”- ( https://www.livescience.com/43639-who-invented-the-printing-press.htm )

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The printing press was invented around 1436, around the same time as the reformation, by Johannes Gutenberg. This invention and production of the printing press created a glut in the availability of information, giving the less fortunate people the ability to learn. The World History Encyclopedia said that “Gutenberg's press changed all of that by providing the means for mass production on a larger scale and distribution of reading material” (Mark). This strengthens the idea that the press was a huge step for the reformation, by demonstrating the ability to quickly and efficiently spread information with this new invention of the Printing Press. The printing press was created in Germany, making it around the same place as where Luther created the 95 theses. This shows significance to the Reformation because if Luther wasn't so close to the creator of the press he may not have been able to spread his ideas as quickly as he did.

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During the Renaissance in Italy, art practices were focused on proportion, perspective and artists paid significant detail to the human anatomy. In addition, art practices during the Italian Renaissance were heavily influenced by wealth. On the other hand, art practices during the Renaissance in Northern Europe focused on society and everyday life. The Protestant Reformation greatly impacted the direction behind art practices during the Renaissance in Northern Europe.

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Community College over University Attending a community college rather than attending a four year University can really save people a lot of money. Attending a community college people can save two years of a University and get their Associates degree a more cheap way. Going to a community college is a lower cost than a four year University, this effects people to go to a community college because of their low prices. People attend community colleges because they are more affordable, closer to home and convenient. People would rather save two years of college than pay those two years for an experience at a four year University.

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During the Renaissance was spreading in Europe, in 1450s a German scientist Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press, which made him the most influential person of the last thousand years, who put the end of a long evolution in human communication. The most important consequences of the printing press were the expanding knowledge to the world, the spread of religion and the development of science. The invention of printing press expanded the knowledge of the people about the world and the things that happened during the time. Printing press spread the knowledge to the people by maps and geographic images.

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