ipl-logo

Chlorine Disinfection Lab Report

1525 Words7 Pages

Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background
Disinfection is applied in water as well as wastewater treatment as a finishing step so as to destroy pathogens but the cause of concern regarding the disinfection process is the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Natural organic matter (NOM) in water has been considered as the predominant DBP precursors. Disinfectants are powerful oxidants that oxidize the organic matter present in water forming DBPs. Chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, and chloramines are the most common disinfectants used nowadays and each produces its own suite of chemical DBPs in finished drinking water (Richardson, 2003). DBPs so formed pose a threat to human health …show more content…

HOCl is a much stronger disinfectant than hypochlorite but their relative distribution depends upon pH. At pH > 4 dissociation of Cl2 is almost complete whereas at pH values greater than 5, HOCl starts dissociating and there is an increase in concentration of OCl-. The effect of pH on chlorination is shown in fig 1.1(a).

HOCI + NH3 NH2C1 + H20
HOCI + NH2C1 NHC12 + H20 NH2C1 + NHC12 N2 + 3H+ + …show more content…

D., Plewa, M. J., Wagner, E. D., Schoeny, R., & DeMarini, D. M. (2007). Occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products in drinking water: a review and roadmap for research. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 636(1), 178-242.
Richardson, S. D. (2003). Disinfection by-products and other emerging contaminants in drinking water. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 22(10), 666-684.
Deborde, M., & von Gunten, U. (2008). Reactions of chlorine with inorganic and organic compounds during water treatment—kinetics and mechanisms: a critical review. Water research, 42(1), 13-51.
Johnson, J. D., & Jensen, J. N. (1986). THM and TOX formation: routes, rates, and precursors. Journal (American Water Works Association), 156-162.
Matilainen, A., Gjessing, E. T., Lahtinen, T., Hed, L., Bhatnagar, A., & Sillanpää, M. (2011). An overview of the methods used in the characterisation of natural organic matter (NOM) in relation to drinking water treatment. Chemosphere, 83(11), 1431-1442.
Vieira, R. F., Berenguel, A. T., Silva, M. A., Vilaca, J. S., Domingues, V. F., & Figueiredo, S. A. (2012). Natural organic matter fractionation along the treatment of water for human consumption. GLOBAL NEST JOURNAL, 14(4),

Show More
Related

Radical Chlorination Of 1-Chlorobutane Lab Report

1204 Words | 5 Pages

These amounts then helped to determine the relative reactivities of the hydrogens in the products and the effect of the chloro-substituent on the relative rate of hydrogen abstraction, which is the rate determining step. Overall, this report will present the data for the radical chlorination of 1-chloro butane and explain why 1,4-dichlorobutane

Read More

Sodium Chloride Lab

896 Words | 4 Pages

The chloride in sodium chloride also pollutes ground water, lakes, and streams1. Due to these infrastructure and environmental concerns, a possible extension of work could be the study of alternative compounds or methods in making roads safer – while still keeping costs

Read More

Pros And Cons Of Chloramines

401 Words | 2 Pages

Did you know some byproducts of of chloramine are way more toxic than chlorines? A byproduct is a secondary or incidental product formed from the first. In the article it states that “ Chloramines are widely used in the U.S, and water providers in the East Bay and San Francisco already rely on the source. Another reason to why Chloramines are dangerous because it is toxic to aquatic life, including the mosquito fish, the mosquito fishes are put into our ponds to control the mosquito populations.

Read More

Stoichiometry Lab

563 Words | 3 Pages

The study of Green Chemistry emphasizes the reduction of hazards to human health and the larger environment, as well as

Read More

How Does Fracking Affect Water Quality

918 Words | 4 Pages

Drinking contaminated water can cause different types of cancers and also infertility and birth defects due to of the presence hazardous chemicals. Impoundments that have not been built or properly closed off have led to the death of many animals and also health issues in

Read More

Sludge Lab Report

615 Words | 3 Pages

The objective of the sludge lab was to determine how many different pure substances were in the sludge by using the methods and techniques we have learned throughout the year. We had to pick separation methods so we could separate our sludge and then test characteristic properties on our separated liquids and solids. This experiment made us use our knowledge on characteristic properties to pick the ones we should test to help us identify our pure substances. Characteristic properties are properties that help identify a solid or liquid. Each solid or liquid has a certain density, boiling point, solubility, flammability, so if you know what each one is then you can use that information to help you identify your solid or liquid.

Read More

Paper Chromatography Lab Report

767 Words | 4 Pages

Leah Romero 10/30/2017 Conclusion Lab 3 Chem 102L In lab 3, fundamentals of chromatography, the purpose was to examine how components of mixtures can be separated by taking advantage of different in physical properties. A huge process in this lab was paper chromatography, which was used to isolate food dyes that are found in different drink mixes. The different chromatograms of FD&C dyes were compared to identify which dyes are present in each of the mixes.

Read More

The Importance Of Water Quality In Florida

794 Words | 4 Pages

I have seen instances where some of my colleagues have become sick from drinking tap water around the city. No matter where it is such as at their schools such as Pensacola State College or the University of West Florida, at their homes, or in public spots such as restaurants people have noticed that the water is extremely unsanitary. A quote from the DailyFinance article portrays this exactly “Of the 101 chemicals tested for over five years, 45 were discovered. Of them, 21 were discovered in unhealthy amounts. The worst of these were radium-228 and -228, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, alpha particles, benzine and lead.

Read More

Hydrochloric Acid Lab Report

876 Words | 4 Pages

CLAIRE MUNTING 29/01/2018 Criterion C EFFECTS OF SURFACE AREA OF CALCIUM CARBONATE UPON RATE OF REACTION Calcium Carbonate Chips 1 Introduction: Within the current investigation, the effects of the surface area of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) in combination with Hydrochloric acid (HCl) upon its rate of reaction. CaCO3, commonly referred to as limestone, is an organic substance and is, in a sense, the crystallised “carbonic salt” of the element, calcium2. In addition to being a salt, the pH level of Calcium Carbonate is 9.91, and it is therefore, a basic substance, due to the fact that it is comprised of a pH level higher than 7, which is neutral3. HCl, however, is the bodily acid found in the stomach of human beings.

Read More

Case Study Love Canal

1244 Words | 5 Pages

We can view these chemicals on the table below: One of the chemicals of note is Dioxin that is highly carcinogenic. CHEMICALS FOUND AT THE LOVE CANAL* Chemical Water & Leachate Air Soil & Sediment Benzene ID** 522.7 µg/m3 <0.1-0.8 µg/kg α-Benzene Hexachloride 3.2 µg/l 0.002-0.1 µg/m3 ID β-Benzene Hexachloride 38 µg/l 3 µg/m3 ID δ-Benzene Hexachloride 6.9 µg/l 0.4 µg/m3 ID γ-Benzene Hexachloride (Lindane) 50 µg/l ID 20 mg/gm Carbon Tetrachloride ID 5.0 µg/m3 Chlorobenzene 10 mg/l 0.1-172 µg/m3 0.4-2.9 µg/kg Chloroform 0.2-3.9 µg/l 0.5-24.0 µg/m3 0.2-2.3 µg/kg Chlorotoluene 75 mg/l 0.008-7650 µg/m3 ID Dichlorobenzene 3 mg/l <0.3-100.5 µg/m3 240 µg/kg Dichloroethane 0.2-4.8 µg/l <0.4-2 µg/kg Dichlorotoluene 95 µg/l <18-74 µg/m3 1,3-Hexachlorobutadiene (c-46) 22-114 µg/m3

Read More

Fracking Persuasive Speech

943 Words | 4 Pages

Drinking water sources have been contaminated with explosive methane, as well as other dangerous substances, such as benzene and arsenic, that can cause cancer and other serious illnesses. Toxic chemicals, as well as erosion and runoff from drilling operations, have fouled

Read More

Negative Effects Of Desalination On The Environment

1445 Words | 6 Pages

Farid Benyahia is a professor at a university and he proposes that combining two chemicals— such as ammonium chloride and calcium oxide— together can produce a third chemical called calcium chloride, that can easily be recycled. If desalination plants continue to be seen as a practical solution, desalination can truly be the answer to our water crisis if it is environmentally

Read More

Environmental Impacts Of The Bottled Water Industry

468 Words | 2 Pages

The EPA regulates over 80 contaminants—including arsenic, e-coli, cryptosporidia, chlorine, and lead—that may be found in drinking water from public water systems. While the EPA says that 90 percent of US public water systems meet its standards, you may want to use a water filter to further ensure your water’s safety. Howard, B (2003) E/The Environmental Magazine The bottled water industry has exploded in recent

Read More

Hydrochloric Acid And Sodium Thiosulphate Lab Report

1539 Words | 7 Pages

Introduction The goal of the experiment is to examine how the rate of reaction between Hydrochloric acid and Sodium thiosulphate is affected by altering the concentrations. The concentration of Sodium thiosulfate will be altered by adding deionised water and decreasing the amount of Sodium thiosulphate. Once the Sodium thiosulphate has been tested several times. The effect of concentration on the rate of reaction can be examined in this experiment.

Read More

Essay On Water Disinfection

1443 Words | 6 Pages

Disinfectants

Read More

More about Chlorine Disinfection Lab Report

Related Topics

Open Document