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Chlorine Disinfection Lab Report

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Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background
Disinfection is applied in water as well as wastewater treatment as a finishing step so as to destroy pathogens but the cause of concern regarding the disinfection process is the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Natural organic matter (NOM) in water has been considered as the predominant DBP precursors. Disinfectants are powerful oxidants that oxidize the organic matter present in water forming DBPs. Chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, and chloramines are the most common disinfectants used nowadays and each produces its own suite of chemical DBPs in finished drinking water (Richardson, 2003). DBPs so formed pose a threat to human health …show more content…

HOCl is a much stronger disinfectant than hypochlorite but their relative distribution depends upon pH. At pH > 4 dissociation of Cl2 is almost complete whereas at pH values greater than 5, HOCl starts dissociating and there is an increase in concentration of OCl-. The effect of pH on chlorination is shown in fig 1.1(a).

HOCI + NH3 NH2C1 + H20
HOCI + NH2C1 NHC12 + H20 NH2C1 + NHC12 N2 + 3H+ + …show more content…

D., Plewa, M. J., Wagner, E. D., Schoeny, R., & DeMarini, D. M. (2007). Occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products in drinking water: a review and roadmap for research. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 636(1), 178-242.
Richardson, S. D. (2003). Disinfection by-products and other emerging contaminants in drinking water. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 22(10), 666-684.
Deborde, M., & von Gunten, U. (2008). Reactions of chlorine with inorganic and organic compounds during water treatment—kinetics and mechanisms: a critical review. Water research, 42(1), 13-51.
Johnson, J. D., & Jensen, J. N. (1986). THM and TOX formation: routes, rates, and precursors. Journal (American Water Works Association), 156-162.
Matilainen, A., Gjessing, E. T., Lahtinen, T., Hed, L., Bhatnagar, A., & Sillanpää, M. (2011). An overview of the methods used in the characterisation of natural organic matter (NOM) in relation to drinking water treatment. Chemosphere, 83(11), 1431-1442.
Vieira, R. F., Berenguel, A. T., Silva, M. A., Vilaca, J. S., Domingues, V. F., & Figueiredo, S. A. (2012). Natural organic matter fractionation along the treatment of water for human consumption. GLOBAL NEST JOURNAL, 14(4),

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