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Christianity In The 17th, 18th And 19th Century

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In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, the emergence of a scientific worldview and reflections on suffering challenged Christianity, causing the Church to refine ideas and respond. Belief only in scientific discoveries led to rationalism, the belief that there is no route to truth except through reason. Through careful deliberation and scholasticism, the Church examined the Christian tradition and drew new conclusions. Additionally, the Church addressed ideas on senseless suffering and atheism. Beginning in the sixteenth century, many scientists made discoveries that went against Church teaching and promoted new ideas of freedom, self-determination, and autonomy (379 Cory and Hollerich). In 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus published On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres, stating his hypothesis that the solar system is heliocentric (380 Cory and Hollerich). Additionally, in 1610 Galileo observes moons orbiting around Jupiter and teaches Copernican theory (380 Cory and Hollerich). These discoveries were so important and controversial at the time because the Church strongly supported the geocentric hypothesis. Medical Christians relied on the geocentric system because of the “emoryean,”the highest heaven where God and the angels were (380 Cory and Hollerich). All rational evidence pointed to a …show more content…

God created humans to make their own choices. The saying, “Everything happens for a reason,” implies that God wants suffering. Schillebeeckx states there are some positive examples of suffering that are not meaningless (724). For example, when babies teeth, they are in pain, but that suffering is not meaningless (notes 11/28). There is suffering that is senseless and horrible, and there is no divine reason behind it because some things are just wrong (notes 11/21). That senseless, horrible suffering cannot be explained theologically because God does not want humanity to suffer (notes

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And if God is God, why is He letting us suffer?” (1) The lifelong quest for answers to these questions shaped his theology

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In his 1940 apologetic, The Problem of Pain, Lewis reasons that suffering and pain in the Christian life has a desired effect. Affirming that God’s instrument of pain “gives the only opportunity the bad man can have for amendment.” Of course, Lewis readily admits that his reasoning is not the work of a real theologian, but rather as “a layman and an amateur.”

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Wilson states, “Another concern has to do with the way Voskamp discusses God’s agency in relation to our suffering. … God is not the author of evil, but he is able to use it to bring about his good purposes for his children” (Wilson). Wilson also disagrees with Voskamp’s belief that

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It is a convenient and comforting respond to unfortunate and even devastating ‘fate’. The pain becomes bearable to those who suffer because the idea of all being a part of a bigger plan, it is more than you. However, this concept is built upon an irrational fundamental attitude, “the surrender of self to the ordering power of society,” (54) a problem that Berger expressed his concerns with. Another problem would be that the use of God as a shield works on believers, but not on nonbelievers. The question “why bad things happening to good people” still cannot be answered for the nonbelievers, a common critique of religion itself.

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that men always freely choose what is right?” (McCloskey, 1968). Atheist side with McCloskey’s view that the individuals who put value in the choices of man controversy point to people making poor utilization of their free will. As indicated by Evans and Manis, the subsequent malevolence is because of mans mischief, not of Gods. The fact of the matter is, no one person knows for certain why a cherishing, decent, supreme God would permit malevolence and misery to exist.

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I understand that the traditional Jewish theology of suffering is that God Is punishing the Jews because the Jews have done something wrong, however, I personally do not agree. I also understand the biblical Jewish theology is that the Jews are suffering because God is seeing how strong their faith is and if they have faith in God. I extremely disagree with the modern/ recent Jewish theology but I do understand where they 're coming from, the modern/ recent Jewish theology is all about humans having free will to do as they please and God is not all-powerful and cannot help us at all and that he could not stop the Holocaust. One of the Jewish approaches to the theology of suffering is that suffering is a punishment from god for something you have done wrong. In the film ‘Schindler 's List’ the character Amon Goeth beats his maid Helen and these are the last words he says to her while she stands silent, terrified, and helpless “Is this the face of a rat?

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God giving humans the free will to make cruel choices such as murder, torture and robberies proves that the free will theodicy does not provide a solution to the problem of evil. The problem of evil can’t be solved by the free will theodicy because it fails to provide an explanation for God’s lack of power and inability to make humans incapable of evil

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Also, it brings up the question to many believers: Why does God allow bad things to happen to good people? The question is answered in the book, which is this: God says he allows pain to be a part of life for a good reason. That reason could be the tests and trials He gives us in our faith in

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This argument isn’t very sound, as there are many obvious causes of pain and suffering that have nothing to do with human choices. Dostoevsky however, using a very interesting and intelligent interpretation of scripture, arrives to an argument in a very similar vein. His, however, displays a level of subtlety and

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4.1 THE SOCIAL GOSPEL AND EVANGELICAL REACTION IN EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY The nineteenth century saw Evangelicals in England playing a major role in the social justice issues of their time: the abolition of slavery, the establishment of volunteer societies working among the poor to alleviate suffering, and political advocacy for improved working conditions in the new industrial economy. As well, there was unprecedented momentum in foreign missions. The pattern set by British evangelicals was followed in North America and South Africa as well, sustained by the early revivalists who recognized the “social context, the social implications, the social causes, and the social effects of personal sin” (David O. Moberg: 1977).

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Christianity has shaped the Scientific Revolution in Europe in many different ways. The main argument is that it brought a new of thinking that relied on Empiricism and objectivism. The findings made by the revolution’s astronomers challenged the foundations of the truths of the Christian church and the Bible. Some studies show that it has shaped the Scientific Revolution, whereas others show that it has not. The research that shows Christianity does have a significant amount of impact on the Scientific Revolution mostly deal with the explicit conflict between religion and science.

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The people who suffer sometimes become as a benefit in both the levels of human and spiritual point of view. This is because they accept sufferings in order to grow in their life. As we can see clearly in the lives of the saints, whatever sufferings come to them, they see and unite them with the suffering of Christ, who accepted the death on the cross. This co-existence of evil and suffering remain until the last days of our life. Pope John Paul II

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Copernicus developed the heliocentric theory which claimed that the earth revolved around the sun. This immediately challenged the authorities who believed the opposite. Galileo furthered Copernicus’ argument and promoted that the Bible, that God

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Otherwise, He would have needed to suffer often since the foundation of the world; but now once at the consummation of the ages He has been manifested to put away sin by the

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However, whenever anything good goes wrong they turn to question the belief of religion. We first must realize that God is not the reason for our own suffering. Sadly, in the world we live in people have bad intentions and poor morals. People choose to do the wrong thing and it affect the people around them. Another way to see it as thinking about this how good joy would be if there was no pain?

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