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Liquid Chromatography Lab Report

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INTRODUCTION CHROMATOGRAPHY Chromatography was originally developed in the year 1903 by the Russian botanist Michael Tswett in percolating a petroleum ether extract through a glass column packed with powered calcium carbonate for the separation of colored pigments. Elution means a chromatographic separation involves the placing of the sample into a liquid or solid stationary phase and passing a liquid or gaseous mobile phase through or over it. Whether the separation takes place on a planar surface or in a column according to these chromatographic techniques are classified. …show more content…

Most of the drugs are polar in nature and preferred phase is the Reverse phase chromatography or High performance liquid chromatography. To make faster instead of a solvent being allowed to drip through a column under gravity, it is forced through under high pressures of up to 400 atmospheres. This is the better separation for the separation of the components in a mixture. Hplc employs a very finely divided mobile phase and a liquid phase. Few thousands of pounds per square inch must be pressurised in order to obtain a satisfactory flow rate. Diffusion is the process by which the rate of distribution of drugs between stationary and mobile phase is controlled. A faster and effective separation can be achieved if the diffusion is minimized. When compared to classical column chromatography high performance liquid chromatography is so called because of its improved performance. Due to high-pressure pumping system and sensitive detectors have transferred liquid chromatography into high speed, accurate, efficient and highly resolved method of

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This addition aids in controlling the reproducibility and retention. Separation of the mixture via RP-HPLC can be done using continuous gradient or stepwise to move out the sample components. For every separation, the ideal gradient and volume must be

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The lab started off by measuring critical materials for the lab: the mass of an an empty 100 mL beaker, mass of beaker and copper chloride together(52.30 g), and the mass of three iron nails(2.73 g). The goal of this experiment is to determine the number of moles of copper and iron that would be produced in the reaction of iron and copper(II) chloride, the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and the percent yield of copper produced. 2.00 grams of copper(II) chloride was added in the beaker to mix with 15 mL of distilled water. Then, three dry nails are placed in the copper(II) chloride solution for approximately 25 minutes. The three nails have to be scraped clean by sandpaper to make the surface of the nail shiny; if the nails are not clean, then some unknown substances might accidentally mix into the reaction and cause variations of the result.

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In our experiment, we are trying to identify the types of dyes used in M&M’s versus skittles using chromatography. Chromatography is a group of techniques used to separate the various components in a complex mixture or solution. Chromatography was invented by a Russian botanist named Mikhail Tsvet. He used column chromatography to study plant pigments, but it became clearer that this technique can be used to separate many complex homogeneous mixtures. In every chromatography structure there is basically a mobile phase and a stationary phase.

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Unknown Lab Report Unknown # 25 By: Jenna Riordan March 19, 2018 Bio 2843 1. Introduction Microbiology is the study of microorganisms found in all different environments throughout Earth, from the hot thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean to the ice at the top of a mountain.

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Results/Discussion In the first experiment the class used chlorine 36 that was in the middle of a metal plate that was placed under Geiger counter and the starting measurement was 30 mm from the detector to the last reading was 84 mm. As the plate containing chlorine 36 was moving away from the Geiger tube the amount of counts were decreasing until the fourth measurement at semi 3 mm was 2476.5 average clicks. The fourth set must been the right distance away from Geiger counter to pick up on gamma radiation of the chlorine 36 however, the radiation is being admitted could've been beta for the radiation this is unlikely because the mass of the nucleus did not change. After this experiment was ran calculations for the log D which is log distance

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The objective of the sludge lab was to determine how many different pure substances were in the sludge by using the methods and techniques we have learned throughout the year. We had to pick separation methods so we could separate our sludge and then test characteristic properties on our separated liquids and solids. This experiment made us use our knowledge on characteristic properties to pick the ones we should test to help us identify our pure substances. Characteristic properties are properties that help identify a solid or liquid. Each solid or liquid has a certain density, boiling point, solubility, flammability, so if you know what each one is then you can use that information to help you identify your solid or liquid.

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In this lab, extraction was used as a method for separating a mixture of compounds. Specifically, Benzocaine and Benzoic Acid were individually isolated from a starting mixture which consisted of both components. During this lab, Benzocaine was isolated into crystals, while benzoic acid formed a white powdery solid. This was done by first isolating benzocaine. Once separated, this clear liquid had 6M of sodium hydroxide added to it and was put in an ice bath.

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Leah Romero 10/30/2017 Conclusion Lab 3 Chem 102L In lab 3, fundamentals of chromatography, the purpose was to examine how components of mixtures can be separated by taking advantage of different in physical properties. A huge process in this lab was paper chromatography, which was used to isolate food dyes that are found in different drink mixes. The different chromatograms of FD&C dyes were compared to identify which dyes are present in each of the mixes.

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What type of chemical reaction will a balloon receive when filled with an acid and base? Acids and bases are around us everywhere in various types of liquids. They are in the foods we eat and the things we use on a daily basis, for example liquid dishwashing soap. Acids are usually sour and bases are silky, giving it a bitter taste. Water can act like both, depending on the situation.

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Thin Layer Chromatography were carried out to check the presence of active compounds in ethyl acetate - n-hexane fraction [14] by using ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a solvent at different ratio (8:2). Once the desired fractions (squalene fraction) were identified, the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and the compounds were isolated. The squalene compound was conformed through GC-MS and C NMR and H NMR studies. Thin Layer Chromatography were carried out to check the presence of active compounds in ethyl acetate - n-hexane fraction [14] by using ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a solvent at different ratio (8:2). Once the desired fractions (squalene fraction) were identified, the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and the compounds

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1.1Liquisolid Systems Technology Many recently developed drugs are poorly water soluble compounds, which cause difficulties in the development of solid dosage forms with good bioavailability(1). The therapeutic effect of the drug is reliant on the bioavailability which in turn relies on the solubility and dissolution rate of the drug, therefore; solubility is the most important factor to get the required concentration of drug in the systemic circulation for therapeutic response to be attained(2). For different poorly soluble medications, bioavailability is limit via the dissolution rate.

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Experiment #7: Column Chromatography of Food Dye Arianne Jan D. Tuozo Mr. Carlos Edward B. Santos October 12, 2015 Abstract Column chromatography is the separation of mixture’s components through a column. Before proceeding with the column chromatography itself, a proper solvent system must be chosen among the different solvents. The green colored food dye is the mixture whose components are separated.

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INTRODUCTION A gas chromatograph (GC) can be utilized to analyze the contents of a sample quantitatively or in certain circumstances also qualitatively. In the case of preparative chromatography, a pure compound can be extracted from a mixture. The principle of gas chromatography can be explained as following: A micro syringe is used to inject a known volume of vaporous or liquid analyte into the head or entrance of a column whereby a stream of an inert gas acts a carrier (mobile phase). The column acts as a separator of individual or chemically similar components.

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Abstract The unknown concentration of benzoic acid used when titrated with standardized 0.1031M NaOH and the solubility was calculated at two different temperatures (20◦C and 30◦C). With the aid of the Van’t Hoff equation, the enthalpy of solution of benzoic acid at those temperatures was determined as 10.82 KJ. This compares well with the value of 10.27KJ found in the literature.

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The components of the sample called solutes or analytes separate from one another based on their relative vapour. This chromatographic process is called elution.

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